Table 3.
Comparison of demographic and baseline outcome data by recommended final treatment for all participants and for those treated at HIAE and adjusted mean differences in change scores for those treated at HIAE
| All participants | Participants treated at HIAE | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgery (N = 143)b | CM (N = 235)a | Surgery (N = 67) | CM (N = 99) | Surgery (N = 67) | CM (N = 99) | ||||||||
| p-valuec | Baseline | p-valuec | 12 months | Adjusted mean difference between groups (95% CI)d | |||||||||
| N | N | N | N | ||||||||||
| Female, N (%) | 75 (52) | 120 (51) | 0.8 | 67 | 30 (45) | 99 | 47 (47) | 0.7 | |||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Age, years | 45.2 (12.6) | 42.3 (10.7) | 0.02 | 67 | 44.3 (10.6) | 99 | 46.8 (14.5) | 0.2 | |||||
| Pain (0 to 10)e | 7.8 (2.2) | 7.3 (2.1) | 0.03 | 67 | 7.6 (2.4) | 99 | 7.0 (2.2) | 0.1 | 57 | 3.1 (3.0) | 77 | 3.4 (3.3) | 0.53 (−0.53 to 1.60) |
| SF 36 (0–100)f | |||||||||||||
| VT | 38.5 (23.5) | 38.5 (21.2) | 0.99 | 67 | 41.6 (26.5) | 98 | 39.4 (21.5) | 0.6 | 54 | 63.3 (23.4) | 79 | 61.5 (24.3) | −1.6 (−9.1 to 5.9) |
| PF | 32.9 (17.5) | 35.3 (18.4) | 0.2 | 66 | 38.6 (19.5) | 98 | 38.9 (19.5) | 0.9 | 54 | 64.4 (23.7) | 79 | 62.2 (25.6) | −3.3 (−11.4 to 4.7) |
| BP | 22.8 (18.1) | 28.2 (18.3) | 0.006 | 67 | 25.7 (20.8) | 98 | 30.2 (19.9) | 0.2 | 54 | 63.4 (27.5) | 79 | 58.2 (30.5) | −7.3 (−17.4 to 2.9) |
| GH | 55.5 (23.5) | 55.1 (22.1) | 0.9 | 66 | 59.2 (23.43) | 99 | 57.2 (21.5) | 0.6 | 54 | 76.6 (23.1) | 79 | 69.6 (24.0) | −6.6 (−14.3 to 1.1) |
| RP | 18.3 (26.4) | 28.4 (32.6) | 0.002 | 67 | 10.8 (26.5) | 98 | 22.2 (37.1) | 0.03 | 54 | 59.3 (46.4) | 79 | 56.3 (46.9) | −8.1 (−24.4 to 8.2) |
| RE | 28.4 (40.0) | 36.7 (43.4) | 0.1 | 67 | 27.4 (40.2) | 98 | 34.1 (43.8) | 0.2 | 54 | 80.9 (38.6) | 79 | 73.8 (42.9) | −9.4 (−23.7 to 5.0) |
| SF | 22.8 (28.6) | 27.5 (31.8) | 0.2 | 67 | 38.4 (27.9) | 98 | 45.7 (27.5) | 0.1 | 54 | 73.6 (29.3) | 79 | 70.3 (32.6) | −5.0 (−15.7 to 5.8) |
| MH | 48.8 (22.9) | 49.5 (22.4) | 0.8 | 67 | 50.7 (24.5) | 98 | 48.4 (23.4) | 0.5 | 54 | 73.8 (23.4) | 79 | 69.2 (27.1) | −4.1 (−12.4 to 4.2) |
| HT | 30.9 (25.9) | 31.1 (23.5) | 0.9 | 67 | 27.6 (25.4) | 98 | 34.2 (24.2) | 0.1 | 54 | 75.5 (26.8) | 79 | 70.6 (27.4) | −4.9 (−14.5 to 4.7) |
| RMDQ (0–24)e | 17.3 (4.8) | 13.5 (5.8) | <0.001 | 56 | 18.1 (4.4) | 75 | 12.3 (5.4) | <0.001 | 48 | 8.8 (7.5) | 61 | 8.3 (6.8) | 1.5 (−1.6 to 4.7) |
| ODI (0–100)e | 50.1 (16.9) | 42.2 (16.3) | <0.001 | 56 | 47.8 (17.4) | 75 | 42.8 (16.0) | 0.1 | 48 | 28.1 (18.9) | 60 | 27.4 (19.3) | 0.1 (−7.1 to 7.3) |
aNs for outcome variables range from 170 to 221; bNs for outcome variables range from 112 to 135; c p-values from linear regression; dAdjusted for baseline score of outcome variable; eHigher scores indicate greater pain or disability; fHigher scores indicate better quality of life or function