Table 1.
Mortality of Anopheles gambiae s.l. exposed to deltamethrin and permethrin alone as well as PBO + deltamethrin and PBO + permethrin in 2015 and 2016 in the southern sector
| Region | Sentinel site | Insecticide | 2015 | 2016 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total tested | % Mortality | CI 95% Mortality | p value | Total tested | % Mortality | CI 95% mortality | p value | |||
| Greater Accra | Ada | Deltamethrin | 80 | 68.8 | ±2.3 | 1.16E−13 | 98 | 4.1 | ±0.6 | 3.13E−19 |
| PBO + deltamethrin | 80 | 100.0 | ±0.0 | 94 | 93.6 | ±1.4 | ||||
| Permethrin | 80 | 75.0 | ±2.8 | 2.66E−15 | 98 | 19.4 | ±0.4 | 1.00E+00 | ||
| PBO + permethrin | 80 | 97.5 | ±0.6 | 98 | 19.4 | ±0.4 | ||||
| Weija | Deltamethrin | 80 | 16.3 | ±4.4 | 3.22E−05 | 96 | 8.3 | ±1.2 | 2.11E−05 | |
| PBO + deltamethrin | 80 | 43.8 | ±10.5 | 99 | 32.3 | ±1.8 | ||||
| Permethrin | 80 | 12.5 | ±2.6 | 6.79E−02 | 99 | 5.1 | ±0.4 | 3.28E−01 | ||
| PBO + permethrin | 80 | 7.5 | ±1.1 | 93 | 7.5 | ±1.4 | ||||
| Central | Gomoa Obuasi | Deltamethrin | 100 | 19.0 | ±1.7 | 1.16E−14 | 80 | 20.0 | ±1.8 | 1.79E−12 |
| PBO + deltamethrin | 80 | 93.8 | ±1.6 | 86 | 90.7 | ±1.7 | ||||
| Permethrin | 80 | 3.8 | ±1.1 | 1.88E−08 | 85 | 1.2 | ±0.5 | 4.56E−08 | ||
| PBO + permethrin | 80 | 38.8 | ±3.9 | 94 | 33.0 | ±2.4 | ||||
| Twifo Praso | Deltamethrin | 80 | 36.3 | ±1.4 | 3.54E−07 | 73 | 13.7 | ±1.5 | 8.78E−06 | |
| PBO + deltamethrin | 80 | 82.5 | ±4.1 | 71 | 52.1 | ±3.4 | ||||
| Permethrin | 80 | 21.3 | ±1.9 | 3.00E−10 | 90 | 5.6 | ±0.5 | 2.81E−04 | ||
| PBO + permethrin | 80 | 76.3 | ±1.9 | 81 | 25.9 | ±3.4 | ||||
| Eastern | Akuse | Deltamethrin | 80 | 37.5 | ±3.6 | 1.2E−09 | 93 | 8.6 | ±2.1 | 1.1E−16 |
| PBO + deltamethrin | 80 | 97.5 | ±0.6 | 92 | 91.3 | ±1.7 | ||||
| Permethrin | 80 | 51.3 | ±1.4 | 1.8E−06 | 90 | 31.1 | ±1.6 | 1.8E−06 | ||
| PBO + permethrin | 80 | 98.8 | ±0.5 | 93 | 72.0 | ±2.1 | ||||
| Kade | Deltamethrin | 80 | 65.0 | ±8.8 | 4.65E−04 | 87 | 13.5 | ±0.9 | 9.93E−09 | |
| PBO + deltamethrin | 80 | 100.0 | ±0.0 | 83 | 72.8 | ±2.3 | ||||
| Permethrin | 80 | 17.5 | ±0.6 | 2.45E−13 | 86 | 1.2 | ±0.5 | 3.46E−03 | ||
| PBO + permethrin | 80 | 85.0 | ±0.9 | 80 | 12.5 | ±1.3 | ||||
| Volta | Nkwanta | Deltamethrin | 80 | 82.4 | ±3.0 | 7.90E−02 | 87 | 47.1 | ±1.4 | 7.80E−05 |
| PBO + deltamethrin | 80 | 100.0 | ±0.0 | 83 | 90.4 | ±2.6 | ||||
| Permethrin | 80 | 27.5 | ±1.9 | 1.35E−08 | 82 | 17.1 | ±1.5 | 3.77E−04 | ||
| PBO + permethrin | 80 | 77.5 | ±4.9 | 71 | 46.5 | ±3.6 | ||||
| Afife | Deltamethrin | 80 | 76.3 | ±1.1 | 7.07E−02 | 83 | 43.4 | ±6.4 | 1.28E−06 | |
| PBO + deltamethrin | 80 | 93.8 | ±1.1 | 85 | 92.9 | ±0.6 | ||||
| Permethrin | 80 | 10.8 | ±4.2 | 2.18E−07 | 83 | 31.3 | ±2.8 | 3.94E−01 | ||
| PBO + permethrin | 80 | 45.9 | ±2.8 | 83 | 26.5 | ±1.6 | ||||
| Western | Prestea | Deltamethrin | 80 | 75.0 | ±0.9 | 1.24E−02 | 88 | 13.6 | ±0.8 | 1.47E−15 |
| PBO + deltamethrin | 80 | 100.0 | ±0.0 | 88 | 97.7 | ±0.9 | ||||
| Permethrin | 80 | 91.3 | ±0.5 | 3.82E−01 | 81 | 27.2 | ±4.9 | 7.04E−10 | ||
| PBO + Permethrin | 80 | 100.0 | ±0.0 | 88 | 85.2 | ±0.9 | ||||
| Sefwi Wiawso | Deltamethrin | 80 | 25.0 | ±2.4 | 1.16E−13 | 72 | 30.6 | ±3.8 | 6.14E−07 | |
| PBO + deltamethrin | 80 | 98.8 | ±0.5 | 80 | 75.0 | ±1.9 | ||||
| Permethrin | 80 | 15.0 | ±2.0 | 2.66E−15 | 76 | 11.8 | ±2.3 | 5.69E−05 | ||
| PBO + permethrin | 80 | 90.0 | ±2.0 | 83 | 37.3 | ±3.2 | ||||
PBO piperonyl butoxide, CI confidence interval, nd could not be determined, the numbers in italics showed the non-significant p values