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. 2017 Aug 16;8:1538. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01538

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Copyright © 2017 Jia, Li, Al-Mahamedh and Gu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Sessile cell counts of the biofilm consortium after the 3-h biofilm removal test using THPS and D-amino acid mixtures. Error bars represent standard deviations from 4 independent samples.