Table 2.

Conditions for D-amino acid mixture enhancement of bleach in the 4-h biofilm removal test.

Parameter	Condition
Biofilm	Consortium from a water cooling tower
Growth time	3 weeks
Treatment method	Bleach, D-amino acid mixtures, bleach + D-amino acid mixtures
Treatment time	Control: 4 h without treatment D-amino acid mixtures alone: 2 h with 50 ppm D-amino acid mixtures + 2 h with no treatment Biocide alone: 2 h with 5 ppm bleach + 2 h with no treatment Sequential treatment: first 2 h with 5 ppm bleach followed by another 2 h with 50 ppm D-amino acid mixtures Biocide mixed with D-amino acids: 5 ppm bleach + 50 ppm D-amino acid mixture for 4 h Biocide alone: 2 h with 5 ppm bleach + 2 h with 5 ppm bleach
Temperature	25°C
Coupon	C1018 carbon steel
Assay	Sessile cell counts, CLSM images