Table I.
Exosomes from distinct body fluids of cancer patients as biomarkers.
| Exosomal cargos | Cancer types | Clinical value | Biofluids | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phosphatidylserine | Ovarian cancer | Elevated level of phosphatidylserine positive exosomes in ovarian cancer patients than healthy controls | Plasma | (108) |
| TRPC5 | Breast cancer | Elevated level of exosomal TRPC5 in cancer patients and higher levels may predict poorer progress | Plasma | (124) |
| miRNA-1246, 21 | Breast cancer | Elevated levels of these two exosomal miRNAs in breast cancer patients than healthy controls | Plasma | (125) |
| CRNDE-h | Colorectal cancer | Elevated level of exosomal CRNDE-h in cancer patients and higher levels predict poorer progress | Serum | (110) |
| miRNA-4772-3p | Colon cancer | Lower level of exosomal miRNA-4772-3p predict tumor recurrence | Serum | (126) |
| miRNA-19a-3p, 21-5p, 425-5p | Colorectal cancer | Elevated levels of the three exosomal miRNAs in colorectal cancer patients than healthy controls | Serum | (100) |
| miRNA-17-92a | Colorectal cancer | Elevated level in colorectal cancer patients and higher levels may predict poorer progress | Serum | (127) |
| miRNA-19-3p, 21-5p, 221-3p | Lung adenocarcinoma | Elevated levels of the three miRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma patients than healthy controls | Plasma | (128) |
| miRNA-302a, 302-c, 126 | Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) | Elevated levels of the three miRNAs in NSCLC patients than healthy controls | Plasma/Broncho-alveolar lavage | (129) |
| EML4-ALK fushion | NSCLC | EML4-ALK fushion transcripts have been identified in the exosomal RNA of NSCLC patients | Plasma | (130) |
| Glypican-1 | Pancreatic cancer | Higher level of Glypican-1 positive exosomes in patients with early- and late-stage pancreatic cancer than healthy controls | Serum | (107) |
| miRNA-1246, 4644, 3976, 4306 | Pancreatic cancer | Elevated levels of these 4 exosomal miRNAs in pancreatic cancer patients compared to healthy controls | Serum | (131) |
| LncRNA-p21 | Prostate cancer | Elevated level of exosomal lncRNA-p21 in patients with prostate cancer than healthy controls | Plasma | (132) |
| miRNA-21, 375 | Prostate cancer | Elevated levels of urinary exosomal miRNA-21 and miRNA-375 in patients with prostate cancer than healthy controls | Urine | (133) |
| miRNA-375, 1290 | Prostate cancer | Castration-resident prostate cancer patients with elevated levels of both exosomal miRNA-375 and miRNA-1290 may predict poorer progress | Serum | (134) |
| miRNA-718 | HCC | Lower level of exosomal miRNA-718 in patients with HCC patients with recurrence after liver transplantation than those without recurrence | Serum | (135) |
| miRNA-21 | HCC | Elevated level of exosomal mircroRNA-21 in HCC cancer patients than healthy controls | Serum | (136) |
| miRNA-211, 222, 224 | HCC | Elevated levels of these three exosomal mircroRNAs in HCC cancer patients than healthy controls | Serum | (137) |
| CD34 | Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) | Higher level of CD34 positive exosomes in AML patients than healthy control | Plasma | (138) |
| Let-7b, miRNA-18a | MM | Elevated expression in cancer patients and higher levels of these two exosomal miRNAs may predict poorer progress | Serum | (106) |