Table 1.

Sources Used to Estimate Incidence and Costs of Harm Attributable to Substance Abuse

Event	# Cases	Underreporting	Attribution	Unit Costs
Impaired Driving Deaths	2010 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)	FARS infers missing driver alcohol involvement	Zaloshnja et al. 2013	Zaloshnja et al. 2013
Impaired Driving Crashes	2010 CA Highway Patrol Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System	Miller et al. 2012; Blincoe et al. 2002	Zaloshnja et al. 2013	Zaloshnja et al. 2013
Index Crimes	2009 Uniform Crime Reports	National Crime Victimization Survey online analysis; Miller et al. 1996	Miller & Spicer 2012, Miller et al. 2006	McCollister et al. (2010), Miller 2012
Arrests	2009 CA Monthly Arrest and Citation Register (MACR)	Bureau of Justice Statistics 2011, Tables 4.6 and 4.72	Miller & Spicer 2012; original estimates	Miller 2012
Child Maltreatment	2008 Child Welfare Service data system	Sedlak et al. 2010	Miller et al. 2006	Fang et al. 2012, Miller 2012
Acute & Chronic Disease Mortality	2010 CA Vital Statistics Multiple Cause of Death data	N/A	Rehm et al. 2006, 2009	Finkelstein et al. 2006
Other Injury Mortality	2010 CA Vital Statistics Multiple Cause of Death census	N/A	Rehm et al. 2006, 2009	Finkelstein et al. 2006
Diseases Treated in Hospital Inpatient or Emergency Department	2009 CA Hospital & ED Discharge Data censuses	N/A	Harwood et al. 1998; Midanik et al. 2004	Charges on file * Cost-to-charge ratios * 1994 CHAMPUS professional fee to inpatient cost ratio
Injuries Treated in Hospital Inpatient or Emergency Department	2009 CA Hospital & ED Discharge Data censuses	N/A	Miller & Spicer 2012	Finkelstein et al. 2006; Lawrence et al. 2009
Substance Abuse Treatment	2006–2011 California Outcomes Measurement System Treatment data	N/A	N/A	French et al. 2008 + follow-up care from Barnett et al. 2008
Risky Youth Sex	2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey	N/A	assumption	Miller 2004