Table 2. Definitions of the landmarks used on the cranium.
| Numbers | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1 | Most anterodorsal point of the nasal suture |
| 2 | Intersection between internasal and interfrontal sutures |
| 3 | Intersection between interparietal and interfrontal sutures |
| 4 | Intersection between interparietal and supraoccipital |
| 5 | Most distal point of the supraoccipital |
| 6 and 7 | Intersection between frontal, maxillar, and nasal sutures |
| 8 and 9 | Most dorsomedial point of the orbit (i.e., minimal interorbital length) |
| 10 and 11 | Most posterolateral point of the supraoccipital |
| 12 and 28 | Most anterolateral point of the premaxillar/nasal suture |
| 13 and 29 | Intersection between premaxillar, maxillar, and nasal sutures |
| 14 and 30 | Intersection between the lacrimal, maxillar, and frontal sutures |
| 15 and 31 | Anteroventral margin of the lacrimal foramen |
| 16 and 32 | Anteroventral margin of the upper ethmoid foramen |
| 17 and 33 | Most anterior point of the squamosal, frontal, and alisphenoid sutures |
| 18 and 34 | Most dorsal point of the maxillary foramen |
| 19 and 35 | Most dorsal point of the infraorbital foramen |
| 20 and 36 | Most anteroventral point of the sphenopalatine fissure |
| 21 and 37 | Most dorsal point of the jugal/maxillar suture |
| 22 and 38 | Most dorsal point of the jugal/squamosal suture |
| 23 and 39 | Most posterior point of the postglenoid process |
| 24 and 40* | Most posterodorsal point of the zygomatic part of the squamosal |
| 25 and 41 | Intersection between the frontal, squamosal, and parietal sutures |
| 26 and 42* | Most dorsal point of sulcus for external acoustic meatus on squamosal |
| 27 and 43 | Intersection between the parietal, squamosal, and supraoccipital sutures |
| 44 and 60 | Most posterior point of the premaxillar/maxillar suture in ventral view |
| 45 and 61 | Most anterior point of the alveolar margin of the premolar tooth row |
| 46 and 62 | Most posterior point of the alveolus margin of the premolar tooth row. |
| 47 and 63 | Intersection between the lacrimal/maxillar suture and the zygomasseteric crest in ventral view |
| 48 | Intersection between maxillar and palatine sutures |
| 49 and 64 | Most posterolateral point of the pterygoid wings |
| 50 and 65 | Transverse canal foramen |
| 51 and 66 | Most anterodorsal point of the foramen ovale |
| 52 and 67 | Most ventral of the alisphenoid/squamosal suture |
| 53 and 68 | Most lateral point between the basioccipital/basisphenoid sutures |
| 54* and 69* | Most posterolateral point of the jugular foramen |
| 55* and 70* | Most posterolateral point of the hypoglossal foramen |
| 56* and 71* | Most anterolateral point of the occipital condyle |
| 57* and 72* | Intersection between the basioccipital, the occipital condyle, and the foramen magnum |
| 58* | Most anteroventral point of the foramen magnum |
| 59* | Most posterodorsal point of the foramen magnum |
| 73 and 74 | Intersection between the supraoccipital, exoccipital, and petrosal sutures |
| 75 and 76 | Most posterior point of the postglenoid foramen |
| 77 and 78 | Caudal palatine foramen |
| 79 and 80 | Intersection between the lacrimal/frontal suture and the orbit |
| 81 | Most posterior point of the frontal sinuses in the midline |
| 82 | Ventral tip of the tentorial process |
Note:
Landmarks indicated with a star were not used in the intraspecific comparisons.