Non-NMDA glutamatergic agonists induce d-serine release from glial cells. (A) Traces representing d-serine release elicited by AMPA, kainic acid, or t-ACPD (upper traces; each at 100 μM) or in the presence of antagonist (lower traces; scales, 9 fmol per 5 and 20 s). (B) Dose-response curves for kainic acid-evoked (▪), AMPA-evoked (○), and t-ACPD-evoked (x) d-serine release. Values represent mean ± SEM (n ≥ 5). (C) Quantitative analysis of the different pharmacological manipulations on d-serine release evoked by glutamate (1 mM). Values represent percent changes (mean ± SEM, n ≥ 4) from controls. The mean GluRs-evoked LDCL is 128,023 photons for kainic acid, 156,270 for AMPA, and 84,783 for t-ACPD. ***, P < 0.001, one-way ANOVA with post hoc Scheffé test.