Table 3.

Odds ratios of comorbidities for using areca nut with different preparations^∗

Variables	With betel leaf† (n = 728)	With betel inflorescence‡ (n = 160)	Control (n = 1,090)
Erectile dysfunction§	1.00 (0.79–1.26)	2.25 (1.55–3.28)††	Reference
Obesity‖	1.37 (1.06–1.78)#	1.21 (0.80–1.84)	Reference
Hypertension¶	1.32 (0.97–1.79)	1.74 (1.09–2.76)#	Reference
Diabetes¶	1.64 (1.05–2.56)#	2.68 (1.47–4.88)∗∗	Reference

^∗Erectile dysfunction was defined as a Sexual Health Inventory for Men score lower than 22; diabetes and hypertension were based on self-report; obesity was defined as a body mass index higher than 27 kg/m². Data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval).

^†Wrapping a split unripe areca nut with slaked lime paste in a betel leaf.

^‡Inserting a piece of betel inflorescence with red lime paste into an unripe areca nut.

^§Controlled for age, body mass index, alcohol drinking, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension.

^‖Controlled for age, alcohol drinking, and smoking.

^¶Controlled for age, body mass index, alcohol drinking, and smoking.

^#P < .05; ^∗∗P < .01; ^††P < .001.