Table 1.
Clinical characteristics at birth, head CT findings and long-term neurodevelopmental, hearing, and vision outcomes among children with symptomatic congenital CMV disease (n=76)
| Characteristic | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Clinical signs during neonatal period | |
| Petechiae/purpura | 55 (72) |
| Jaundice | 30 (39) |
| Hepatosplenomegaly | 38 (50) |
| Seizures | 5 (7) |
| Small for gestational age | |
| Physician clinical assessment at birth | 28 (37) |
| Birth weight <10th percentile* | 44 (58) |
| Microcephaly | |
| Physician clinical assessment at birth | 31 (41) |
| Head circumference ≤3rd percentile* (n=73) | 25 (34) |
| Head circumference ≤10th percentile* (n=73) | 37 (51) |
| Laboratory abnormalities | |
| Elevated alanine transaminase (>100 IU) (n=70) | 12 (17) |
| Thrombocytopenia (Platelet count <75,000/mm3) (n=71) | 50 (70) |
| Hyperbilirubinemia (Total bilirubin > 3mg/dl) (n=74) | 28 (38) |
| Hemolytic anemia | 3 (4) |
|
| |
| Head CT findings (n=73) | |
| Intracranial calcifications | 43 (59) |
| Ventricular dilatation | 40 (55) |
| White matter lucency | 20 (27) |
| Any abnormal finding | 62 (85) |
| Broad categories | |
| Tissue destruction | 49 (67) |
| Attenuated growth | 21 (29) |
| Dysplastic growth | 6 (8) |
|
| |
| Neurodevelopmental outcomes (n=72) | |
| Intellectual disability | 31 (43) |
| Borderline intelligence | 12 (17) |
| Normal intelligence | 29 (40) |
|
| |
| Hearing outcomes | |
| SNHL | 56 (74) |
| Normal hearing | 20 (26) |
| SNHL onset (n=56) | |
| Congenital/early-onset SNHL | 44 (79) |
| Delayed-onset SNHL | 12 (21) |
| Laterality (n=56) | |
| Bilateral SNHL | 47 (84) |
| Unilateral SNHL | 9 (16) |
| Severity (n=47) ** | |
| ≥ 25 dB in isolated frequency | 1 (2) |
| Slight (16 – 25 dB) | 5 (11) |
| Mild (26 – 40 dB) | 2 (4) |
| Moderate (41 – 55 dB) | 4 (9) |
| Moderately severe (56 – 70 dB) | 1 (2) |
| Severe (71 – 90 dB) | 7 (15) |
| Profound (>90 dB) | 27 (57) |
|
| |
| Ophthalmic abnormalities | |
| Astigmatism | 22 (29) |
| Strabismus | 19 (25) |
| Nystagmus | 11 (14) |
| Amblyopia | 3 (4) |
| Chorioretinitis | 19 (25) |
| Optic nerve atrophy | 9 (12) |
| Any ophthalmic abnormality | 39 (51) |
|
| |
| Vision outcomes (n=66) | |
| Normal vision | 44 (67) |
| Mild/moderate vision impairment | 8 (12) |
| Low vision | 4 (6) |
| Legal blindness | 10 (15) |
*
Based on Olsen’s intrauterine growth charts
**
Better-hearing ear at the last assessment