Fig. 2.

Changes in amplifiable pathogen DNA in harvest leaf/stem samples from the Broadbalk experiment over the period 1844–2003. (a) P. nodorum. (b) M. graminicola.(c) Changes in cultivars; Cappelle Desprez had straw ≈40 cm shorter than cultivars that preceded it. Flanders and subsequent cultivars were ≈20 cm shorter than Cappelle Desprez. Fungicide seed treatments were started in 1923, and foliar fungicide sprays were started in 1979. Crops were harvested by hand (1844–1900), self-binder (1901–1956), or combine harvester (1957–2003).