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. 2017 Aug 17;8:960. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00960

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Copyright © 2017 Harmsen, Seago, Perez, Charleston, Eblé and Dekker.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Titration of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigens or 12S^H particles derived thereof in double antibody sandwich (DAS) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). FMDV strains Asia 1 Shamir (A–C) and SAT2 SAU/2/00 (D,E) were used. The different DAS ELISAs employed the same VHH for coating in unlabeled form and for detection in biotinylated form. The different VHHs used are indicated above the panels. Antigen or 12S^H particles were twofold titrated with a starting concentration of 2 mg/l. The two ELISAs using 146S-specific VHHs (B,E) were also titrated with a 2-fold dilution series of antigen to which a constant amount of 12S^H particles was added. In the legend the concentration of the constant amount of 12S^H particle is indicated. ELISAs were performed in triplicate. Mean and SD are indicated.