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. 2017 Aug 18;7:8850. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09159-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Core HSR target genes are induced during Heat-Shock. Transcript levels of putative core HSR target genes Hsc70-4, Hsp70Ab, Hsp90, Hsp83l, Hsp70Cb, Hsp10, Dnaj1, and Dnaja1 relative to β-actin in head tissue (H, predominantly brain and sensory organ tissue), midgut (G), thorax tissue (T, predominantly flight muscle), and abdominal wall tissue (A, predominantly fat body) from adult bees captured at the landing board and maintained for four hours in cages at either 35° or 45 °C. Symbols represent expression values of the genes of interest calculated using the ΔΔC_T method for individual bees. Mean ± SEM is also shown. Statistical significance was assessed using unpaired t-tests with Welch’s and is noted as *p < 0.05, and **p < 0.01.