Table 5.
Markers of metabolic outcomes in never-smoking and ever-smoking OSAS patients.
| Variable | Never-smoking | Ever-smoking | p value& | Main Effects (p value)* | Interaction Effects (p value)* | Main Effects (p value)# | Interaction Effects (p value)# | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AHI < 5 | AHI ≥ 5 | AHI < 5 | AHI ≥ 5 | AHI | Smoking | AHI × Smoking | AHI | Smoking | AHI × Smoking | ||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.99 ± 0.53 | 5.38 ± 0.83 | 5.10 ± 0.50 | 5.38 ± 0.84 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.740 | 0.350 | 0.181 | 0.754 | 0.745 |
| Insulin (uU/ml) | 8.48 ± 4.52 | 11.79 ± 7.56 | 9.34 ± 6.58 | 12.28 ± 8.23 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.477 | 0.003 | 0.382 | 0.576 | 0.006 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.90 ± 1.08 | 2.92 ± 2.47 | 2.13 ± 1.51 | 3.01 ± 2.29 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.624 | 0.007 | 0.450 | 0.493 | 0.025 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.61 ± 0.96 | 4.79 ± 0.97 | 4.68 ± 0.82 | 4.85 ± 0.94 | 0.330 | 0.274 | 0.367 | 0.527 | 0.580 | 0.412 | 0.623 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.42 ± 0.89 | 1.83 ± 1.11 | 1.43 ± 0.57 | 1.88 ± 1.11 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.668 | 0.991 | 0.255 | 0.824 | 0.795 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.17 ± 0.29 | 1.10 ± 0.23 | 1.18 ± 0.35 | 1.08 ± 0.23 | 0.012 | <0.001 | 0.762 | 0.949 | 0.104 | 0.558 | 0.975 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.02 ± 0.82 | 3.17 ± 0.84 | 3.04 ± 0.68 | 3.17 ± 0.81 | 0.231 | 0.131 | 0.853 | 0.270 | 0.250 | 0.951 | 0.341 |
Abbreviations: HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; OSAS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
&p value indicates overall comparison.
*p value without adjustment.
#p value adjusted for age, BMI,WHR and ESS.