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. 2017 Aug 18;7:8725. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08975-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Epac1 ^−/− mice have increased bleeding time. (A) Tail bleeding time in WT (n = 8), Epac1^−/− (n = 7) and Epac2^−/− (n = 8) mice. Each point represents the measurement from one mouse. The horizontal dotted lines represent average tail bleeding time. 1200 seconds marks the experimental end point. (B) Blood loss quantified as amount of hemoglobin (absorbance at 575 nm) released during the tail bleeding test in WT (n = 8) and Epac1^−/− mice (n = 7). (C) Whole blood clotting time in WT (n = 6) and Epac1^−/− (n = 7) mice. (D) The plasma levels of vWF, determined by ELISA, 1.5 h after i.p. injection of 0.9% NaCl in WT (n = 4) and Epac1^−/− mice (n = 5), or of dDAVP (1ng/g bodyweight) in WT (n = 4) and Epac1^−/− mice (n = 5). The values shown are mean + /− SEM. NS = not significant, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.005 ANOVA (A) and Student’s t-test (B, C, D).