Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of the participants in stage 1.
| Case-control study (1) | Case-control study (2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | DR only | DKD only | DR&DKD | |
| Samples (n) | 238 | 313 | 419 | 281 |
| Male/female (n) | 88/150 | 136/177 | 226/193 | 145/136 |
| Age (years) | 65.75 ± 9.39 | 59.8 ± 10.38 | 62.84 ± 13.77 | 65.4 ± 10.63 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 12.4 (10, 15.91) | 8.94 (4, 13) | 6 (1, 10) | 12 (8, 18) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.75 ± 3.12 | 23.95 ± 3.46 | 25.3 ± 3.67 | 24.29 ± 3.75 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 133.47 ± 16.77 | 134.19 ± 17.21 | 137.37 ± 18.4 | 143.85 ± 20.12 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.42 ± 8.52 | 80.04 ± 9.33 | 81.78 ± 10.01 | 82.77 ± 9.67 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.45 ± 1.93 | 9.01 ± 2.11 | 9.16 ± 2.34 | 9.36 ± 2.25 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 68.79 ± 21.08 | 75.01 ± 23.02 | 76.60 ± 25.60 | 78.77 ± 24.58 |
| AERs (mg/24 h) | 8.44 (5.99, 12.53) | 10.60 (7.17, 15.89) | 67.57 (35.96, 159.43) | 88.88 (37.04, 377.93) |
| eGFRs | 122.38 (107.85, 141.29) | 129.88 (113.48, 152.14) | 106.32 (80.74, 134.58) | 92.25 (71.17, 126.85) |
Data are n, mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range).
AERs = albumin excretion rates; BMI = body mass index; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; DKD = diabetic kidney disease; DR = diabetic retinopathy; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c = haemoglobin A1c; SBP = systolic blood pressure.