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. 2017 Aug 18;7:8841. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09476-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Experimental setup of the optical vortex based spiral interferometry for directly characterizing the phase retardation through the metasurface sample of T-shaped antenna array. LP: linear polarizer, QWP: quarter-wave plate, BS: beam splitter, OL: objective lens, SPP: spiral phase plate (with the perspective-view SEM image shown in the lower inset).