Dose–response relationship after daily intrathecal administration of TLR4 antisense ODN in L5 spinal nerve-transected rats. The effect of a daily intrathecal injection of two doses of TLR4 antisense ODN, mismatch ODN, or saline solution (10 or 20 μg per day) on mechanical allodynia (a) and paw-withdrawal latencies (b) is shown. Thermal and tactile hypersensitivity were significantly attenuated in a dose-dependent manner compared with saline and mismatch ODN-treated rats with marked attenuation observed with 10-μg daily injections of TLR4 antisense ODN starting at days 3–7 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) and day 1 (*, P < 0.05), day 3 (**, P < 0.01), and through day 7 (***, P < 0.001) for 20-μg daily injection of TLR4 antisense ODN (two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test).