Table 1.
Baseline demographics of children with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis enrolled in Medicaid, 2000–2006a
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) N = 3,500 |
Lupus Nephritis (LN) N = 1,297 |
|
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Age | ||
| 5 – <9 years | 202 (5.8) | 62 (4.8) |
| 9 – <12 years | 490 (14.0) | 186 (14.3) |
| 12 – <15 years | 1,121 (32.0) | 415 (32.0) |
| 15 – <18 years | 1,687 (48.2) | 634 (48.9) |
|
| ||
| Female sex | 2,929 (83.7) | 1,065 (82.1) |
|
| ||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||
| White | 711 (20.3) | 175 (13.5) |
| Black or African American | 1,433 (40.9) | 565 (43.6) |
| Asian | 235 (6.7) | 114 (8.8) |
| Native American | 65 (1.9) | 28 (2.2) |
| Other | 164 (4.7) | 76 (5.9) |
| Hispanic | 892 (25.5) | 339 (26.1) |
|
| ||
| Region of residence | ||
| South | 1,470 (42.0) | 543 (41.9) |
| West | 823 (23.5) | 315 (24.3) |
| Northeast | 626 (17.9) | 239 (18.4) |
| Midwest | 581 (16.6) | 200 (15.4) |
|
| ||
| SLE Risk Adjustment Indexb | ||
| Mean (SD) | 1.11 (1.73) | 2.56 (1.73) |
|
| ||
| Zip code level socioeconomic statusc | ||
| Mean (SD) | 1.24 (1.74) | 1.28 (1.76) |
|
| ||
| Corticosteroid used | 2,351 (67.2) | 1,061 (81.8) |
|
| ||
| Hydroxychloroquine used | 1,845 (52.7) | 689 (53.1) |
|
| ||
| Immunosuppressant used | 1,085 (31.0) | 516 (39.8) |
|
| ||
| Preventive care used | 500 (14.3) | 256 (19.7) |
| Prophylaxis | 395 (11.3) | 219 (16.9) |
| Influenza vaccination | 98 (2.8) | 42 (3.2) |
| Pneumococcal vaccination | 29 (0.8) | — |
Values are the number (percentage) of enrollees unless otherwise specified.
SLE Risk Adjustment index (range 0– 16)(17)
Socioeconomic status based on 7 zip-code level indicators from 2000 U.S. Census ((Z-scored, range −3.82 [lowest] to 6.06 [highest])(16)
Medication and preventive care during the 6 month baseline period. Corticosteroids include prednisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone and cortisone; baseline corticosteroid users are those on a minimum of 20mg/day of prednisone. Immunosuppressants include mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolic acid, oral or intravenous cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, cyclosporine, or tacrolimus.
— Cell counts of 10 or fewer individuals have been suppressed due to Federal reporting requirements.