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. 2017 Aug 19;13(10):110. doi: 10.1007/s11306-017-1241-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — A diagram illustrating the off-line breath sampling pipeline. First section shows breath sampling containers [From L to R gas sampling bag, face-mask, Bio-VOC™ Sampler, breath collection apparatus (BCA), canister], second section indicates pre-concentration methods [From L to R solid phase microextraction (SPME), Thermal desorption (TD) tube, needle trap devices (NTDs)]. Gas chromatograph (GC) and mass analysers [quadrupole, time-of-flight (Tof)] are in the third section and the fourth section depicts targeted and untargeted data pre-treatment, processing and analysis