FIGURE 2.

Establishment of Arabidopsis photosynthetic cell suspension cultures. (A) Suspension-cultured cells were maintained in MS culture medium containing 0.25 μg/ml BAP and 0.5 μg/ml 2,4-D, and gradually reduced sucrose concentrations to stimulate the photosynthetic activity. (B) Growth curve of the photosynthetic cell suspension culture, after three sub-culturing steps in 0.5% sucrose-containing medium. Data are the means ± SE of three independent replicates for each time point. (C) Confocal microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of chloroplasts as functional type of plastids in the cell suspension cultures. (D) Ultrastructure of chloroplast-containing suspension-cultured cells. c, chloroplasts; cw, cell wall; m, mitochondria; st, starch; v, vacuole. In the image on the right the magnification of a chloroplast is shown.