Table 1:
Characteristics of 17 articles (18 studies) included in the meta-analysis (1998–2015)
| Author Publication Year | Location | Study design | Total number of subjects | Race | Age | Definition of dietary pattern | Diet-assessment method | Dietary patterns identified | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pala V 2013 | European countries | Cohort | 14,989 | White | 2–10y | Principal component analysis | Children’s Eating Habits Questionnaire (CEHQ) (43; past one year)1 | Snacking; Sweet and Fa; Vegetables and Whole meal, Protein and Water | overweight/obese |
| Okubo H 2008 | Japan | Cross-Sectional | 4, 394 | Yellow | 18–20 | Factor analysis | Food-frequency questionnaire (30 groups; last month)1 | Healthy; Japanese traditional; Western; Coffee and dairy products | Overweight; BMI |
| Paradis AM 2009 | Canada | Cross-Sectional | 664 | White | 18–55 | Factor analysis | Food-frequency questionnaire (61; last month)1 | Western; Prudent | Obesity; BMI |
| Nkondjock A 2010 | Cameroon | Cross-Sectional | 571 | Black | 21–59 | Factor analysis | Food-frequency questionnaire (100; past one year)1 | Fruits and Vegetables; Meats | Overweight and Obesity; BMI |
| Zhang JG 2105 | China | Cohort | 2,363 | Yellow | 18–44y | Factor analysis | 24-h dietary recalls | Traditional south; Traditional north; Snack; High protein | Obesity |
| Hamer M 2009 | UK | Cohort | 2, 931 | White | >16 | Factor analysis | Interview(400; usual intake)1 | Fast food; Health aware; Traditional; Sweet | BMI |
| Chan R 2014 | China | Cross-Sectional | 351 | Yellow | 10–12 | Factor analysis | Food-frequency questionnaire (32; past one year)1 | Fator 1; Fator 2; Fator 3; | Overweight and Obesity |
| Lioret S 2008 | France | Cross-Sectional | 748 | White | 3–11 | Factor analysis | Interview (32; 7-d record)1 | Pattern 1; Pattern 2 | Overweight |
| Silva Bdel P 2014 | Brazil | Cross-Sectional | 1,026 | White | 20–60y | RRR | Food-frequency questionnaire (70; past one year)1 | Fator 1; Fator 2; Fator 3; | Obesity |
| Suga wara N 2014 | Japan | Cross-Sectional | 338 | Yellow | 40.7 | Principal component analysis | brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) (56 groups; past one year)1 | Healthy; Processed Food ; Alcohol; Accompanying | Obesity |
| McDonald CM 2008 | Colombia | Cross-Sectional | 3, 075 | White | 5–12 | Principal component analysis | Food-frequency questionnaire (38 items)1 | Snacking; Cheaper protein; Traditional/starch; Animal protein | Overweight/Obesity |
| Shin KO 2007 | Korea | Cohort | 1, 441 | Yellow | 5.2 | Factor analysis | Food-frequency questionnaire (100)1 | Korean healthy; Animal foods; Sweets | Overweight |
| Denova-Gutierrez E 2011 | Mexico | Cross-Sectional | 6, 070 | White | 20–70 | Factor analysis | Food-frequency questionnaire (116)1 | Prudent; Westernized,; high animal protein/fat | Overweight/Obesity; BMI |
| Denova-Gutierrez E 2010 | Mexico | Cross-Sectional | 5, 240 | White | 20–70 | Factor analysis | Food-frequency questionnaire (116; past one year)1 | prudent, Western, and high protein/fat | Overweight/Obesity; BMI |
| Cho YA 2011 | Korea | Cross-Sectional | 1, 118 | White | 30–70 | Factor analysis | Food-frequency questionnaire (103; past one year)1 | Vegetable-Seafood; Meat-Fat; Snack | Overweight; Obesity |
1
Number of food items and reference period in parentheses