Table 1.
Median semen parameters (interquartile range) according to selected characteristics and to sleep disturbances
| N patients | Semen volume (ml) | Sperm concentration (millions/ml) | Total sperm count (millions) | Motility (A + B) (%) | Motility (A) (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 382 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 30.0 (10.0–50.0) | 60.0 (23.8–120.0) | 50.0 (40.0–60.0) | 35.0 (20.0–45.0) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| ≤ 37 | 125 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 20.0 (7.0–50.0) | 60.0 (20.0–120.0) | 45.0 (35.0–55.0) | 30.0 (20.0–40.0) |
| 38–41 | 114 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 30.0 (15.0–55.0) | 70.0 (30.0–120.0) | 50.0 (40.0–60.0) | 35.0 (25.0–45.0) |
| ≥ 42 | 111 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 30.0 (10.0–50.0) | 60.0 (22.5–125.0) | 50.0 (30.0–60.0) | 35.0 (20.0–50.0) |
| Reproductive organ diseases | ||||||
| No | 291 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 30.0 (15.0–50.0) a | 60.0 (30.0–120.0) b | 50.0 (40.0–60.0) c | 35.0 (25.0–45.0) |
| Yes | 91 | 2.5 (2.0–3.5) | 20.0 (5.0–40.0) | 50.0 (12.5–120.0) | 40.0 (30.0–50.0) | 30.0 (20.0–40.0) |
| Children | ||||||
| No | 310 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 30.0 (10.0–50.0) | 60.0 (21.0–120.0) | 50.0 (40.0–55.0) | 35.0 (20.0–45.0) |
| Yes | 72 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 30.0 (10.0–50.0) | 62.5 (30.0–120.0) | 50.0 (37.5–60.0) | 40.0 (25.0–50.0) |
| BMI | ||||||
| < 25.00 | 195 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 30.0 (15.0–50.0) | 61.3 (30.0–120.0) | 50.0 (40.0–60.0) d | 35.0 (25.0–45.0) |
| ≥ 25.00 | 185 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 30.0 (10.0–50.0) | 60.0 (20.0–112.5) | 45.0 (30.0–55.0) | 30.0 (20.0–45.0) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| No | 278 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 25.0 (10.0–50.0) | 60.0 (22.5–125.0) | 50.0 (35.0–60.0) | 35.0 (25.0–45.0) |
| Yes | 104 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 30.0 (10.0–50.0) | 60.0 (27.5–100.0) | 45.0 (40.0–60.0) | 35.0 (20.0–45.0) |
| 0–9 cig/day | 47 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) e | 25.0 (10.0–40.0) | 51.3 (20.0–90.0) | 45.0 (30.0–50.0) | 35.0 (20.0–45.0) |
| ≥ 10 cig/day | 57 | 2.0 (1.5–3.0) | 30.0 (15.0–60.0) | 61.3 (30.0–100.0) | 50.0 (40.0–60.0) | 37.5 (30.0–45.0) |
| Alcohol intake | ||||||
| Never | 184 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 20.0 (10.0–50.0) | 52.5 (15.0–100.0) | 50.0 (40.0–60.0) | 35.0 (25.0–45.0) |
| Ever | 198 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 30.0 (10.0–50.0) | 75.0 (25.0–120.0) | 50.0 (35.0–60.0) | 35.0 (20.0–45.0) |
| Subjective insufficient sleep | ||||||
| Yes | 177 | 2.5 (1.5–3.0) | 30.0 (10.0–50.0) | 60.0 (20.0–120.0) | 45.0 (40.0–60.0) | 35.0 (20.0–45.0) |
| No | 205 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 25.0 (10.0–50.0) | 62.5 (25.0–120.0) | 50.0 (35.0–60.0) | 35.0 (25.0–45.0) |
| If answered Yes: | ||||||
| Difficulty in initiating sleep | ||||||
| Yes | 67 | 2.0 (1.5–3.0) f | 30.0 (10.0–60.0) g | 60.0 (30.0–120.0) | 50.0 (40.0–60.0) | 40.0 (25.0–45.0) |
| No | 107 | 2.8 (2.0–3.5) | 25.0 (8.0–50.0) | 47.5 (17.0–137.5) | 45.0 (35.0–55.0) | 30.0 (20.0–45.0) |
| Lying awake most of the night | ||||||
| Yes | 41 | 2.8 (1.5–3.0) | 20.0 (10.0–40.0) | 42.5 (15.0–120.0) | 40.0 (35.0–50.0) h | 30.0 (20.0–35.0) i |
| No | 130 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 30.0 (10.0–60.0) | 60.0 (22.5–120.0) | 50.0 (40.0–60.0) | 40.0 (20.0–50.0) |
| Early morning awakening | ||||||
| Yes | 80 | 2.5 (2.0–3.0) | 30.0 (9.0–50.0) | 60.0 (23.0–130.0) | 45.0 (35.0–60.0) | 35.0 (20.0–45.0) |
| No | 93 | 2.3 (1.5–3.0) | 30.0 (10.0–50.0) | 51.3 (20.0–120.0) | 45.0 (40.0–55.0) | 35.0 (20.0–45.0) |
Bold results are statistically significant
BMI body mass index
ap = .002
bp = .04
cp = .01
dp = .03
ep = .05
fp = .003
gp = .05
hp = .01
ip = .04