Table 2. The influence of environmental variables and microbial functional genes on greenhouse gas emission by partial Mantel test.

Effects of	Functional gene groupsa		Soil variables		Plant variables
Controlling for	Soil variablesb	Plant variablesc	Functional gene	Plant variables	Functional gene	Soil variables
CO2 flux	−0.310d	0.045	0.615***	0.458***	0.406***	0.198**
CH4 flux	0.159*	0.143*	−0.002	−0.031	0.213*	0.226*
N2O flux	0.331**	0.345**	−0.039	0.116	0.039	0.050

^aFunctional gene groups were carbon decomposition genes for CO₂ flux, mmoX genes for CH₄ flux and norB genes for N₂O flux.

^bSoil variables included for testing the relationship with CO₂ or CH₄ flux: soil temperature, soil moisture, pH, TOC, C/N ratio. Soil variables included for testing the relationship with N₂O flux: soil temperature, soil moisture, pH, NO₃-N, NH₃-N, TN, C/N ratio.

^cPlant variables were plant biomass, total coverage of plants (TCOV) and plant species richness.

^dThe r-value of Partial Mantel test is shown. Significance: ***P<0.001, **P<0.050, *P<0.100.