FIG. 3.

Summary of epigenetic and functional phenotypes that are detected in distinct human and mouse pluripotent states. Select human and mouse PSC culture systems are presented with their downstream outcomes on WNT/β-catenin, FGF2/MEK/ERK, LIF/STAT3, and BMP/SMAD circuitries. + and − indicate signaling activities that have been verified to be, respectively, up- and downregulated using the aforementioned cocktails of small molecules, growth factors, and cytokines. The figure lists a series of epigenomic and functional hallmarks that have been associated with and distinguish between primed and naïve pluripotent cell populations. *Non-nuclear β-catenin only, **unpublished data (MEK/ERK) or subject to interline variability (BMP/SMAD), ***directly targeted by culture conditions, but nonverified, ****normal chromosome preparations were only verified between 5 and 17 passages. n/a, not applicable; N.D., not determined. ecto., meso., endo., PGC, and TE indicate reported detections of neuroectoderm, mesoderm (ie, cardiac, hemato-vascular), definitive endoderm, primordial germ cell, and trophectoderm lineages in directed differentiation assays. BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; MEK, mitogen-activated protein ERK.