Table 2. Risk factors for frequent or large volume aspiration.

Altered mental status	Dysphagia or swallowing dysfunction
Sedation	Dementia
Poisoning	Parkinson's disease
Traumatic brain injury	Stroke
Seizure disorder	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Gastrointestinal disorders	Esophageal motility disorders
Gastroesophageal reflux	Primary
Gastroparesis	Achalasia
Bowel obstruction/ileus	Esophageal stricture
Interventional factors	Secondary
Presence of endotracheal tube	Scleroderma
Enteral tube feeding	Polymyositis