Table 2.
Means, standard deviations, and correlations among study variables
| Measure | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Neighborhood disadvantage index | – | |||||||
| 2. Parental monitoring | −.09 | – | ||||||
| 3. Externalizing behavior 9th grade | .11* | −.18** | – | |||||
| 4. Externalizing behavior 10th grade | .05 | −.22** | −.33** | – | ||||
| 5. Academic outcomes 10th grade | −.10 | .11* | −.23** | −.18** | – | |||
| 6. Academic outcomes 11th grade | −.05 | .12* | −.15** | −.17** | .92** | – | ||
| 7. School location | .03 | .02 | −.11* | −.03 | .15** | .20** | – | |
| 8. Gender | −.01 | −.24** | .21** | .21** | −.07 | −.01 | .01 | – |
| M | −.13 | 3.95 | 1.73 | 2.68 | 39.86 | 43.65 | 42a | .51 |
| SD | .63 | .26 | .64 | 2.10 | 6.97 | 6.37 | – | .50 |
The neighborhood disadvantage index was derived from U.S. Census Data on poverty, unemployment, and the Baltimore City Database on community violence indicators. Both neighborhood disadvantage and parental monitoring were measured in grade 9.
**
p < .01,
*
p < .05.
a
School Location is a count variable and the amount included in the table represents the number of schools included in the analysis.