Table 3. Overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and multivariate analyses in primary cohort patients before PSM.
| Variable | Multivariate analysis for OS | Multivariate analysis for CSS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95 % CI) | p value | HR (95 % CI) | p value | |
| Age(years) | 0.323a | 0.139 a | ||
| > 60 years vs. ≤ 60 years | 1.438 (0.700−2.957) | 1.804 (0.825−3.941) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male vs. Female | ||||
| T stage | 0.005* a | 0.003* a | ||
| 1 | reference | reference | ||
| 2 | 2.188 (0.874−5.480) | 0.094 a | 2.548 (0.950−6.834) | 0.063 a |
| 3 | 5.972 (2.049−17.407) | 0.001*a | 6.950 (2.298−21.021)) | 0.001* a |
| N stage | 0.041* a | 0.024* a | ||
| 1 vs. 0 | 3.374 (1.050−10.846) | 3.985 (1.203–13.024) | ||
| Fuhrman grade | 0.156 a | 0.140 a | ||
| 1 | reference | reference | ||
| 2 | 2.037 (0.569−7.300) | 0.274 a | 1.441 (0.384−5.401) | 0.588 a |
| 3 | 2.119 (0.572−7.855) | 0.261 a | 1.900 (0.498–7.250) | 0.347 a |
| 4 | 0.617 (0.119−3.210) | 0.566 a | 0.413 (0.075−2.294) | 0.312 a |
| Tumor size, cm | 0.263 a | 0.564 a | ||
| > 5 vs. ≤ 5 | 1.601 (0.703−3.646) | 1.296 (0.538−3.120) | ||
| Tumor necrosis | 0.056* a | 0.079 a | ||
| Present vs. Absent | 2.038 (0.982−4.226) | 2.019 (0.922−4.423) | ||
| LVI | 0.127a | 0.143 a | ||
| Present vs. Absent | 2.298 (0.790−6.682) | 2.278 (0.757−6.856) | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 0.829a | 0.674 a | ||
| ≤ LLN vs. > LLN | 1.096 (0.476−2.528) | 0.824 (0.336−2.025) | ||
| AKP | 0.507a | 0.709 a | ||
| > ULN vs. ≤ ULN | 0.652 (0.184−2.306) | 0.778 (0.208−2.911) | ||
| LDH | 0.824 a | 0.611 a | ||
| > 1.5*ULN vs. ≤ 1.5*ULN | 1.198 (0.244−5.887) | 1.520 (0.303−7.624) | ||
| AGR | < 0.001*a | < 0.001*a | ||
| ≤ 1.22 vs. > 1.22 | 6.529 (3.036–14.042) | 8.806 (3.891–19.928) | ||
| NLR | 0.001*b | 0.001* b | ||
| > 2.17 vs. ≤ 2.17 | 3.689 (1.752−7.766) | 4.076 (1.805−9.203) | ||
| MLR | 0.001*b | 0.004* b | ||
| > 0.30 vs. ≤ 0.30 | 3.406 (1.670−6.946) | 2.961 (1.416−6.190) | ||
| PLR | 0.909 b | 0.828 b | ||
| > 179.83 vs. ≤ 179.83 | 1.053 (0.435−2.545) | 1.108 (0.439−2.795) | ||
| GPS | 0.001*b | 0.003* b | ||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1 | 4.167 (2.000−8.684) | < 0.001*b | 3.938 (1.799−8.618) | 0.001* b |
| 2 | 1.287 (0.372−4.455) | 0.690b | 1.579 (0.444–5.618) | 0.481 b |
| mGPS | 0.026*b | 0.158 b | ||
| 0 | reference | reference | ||
| 1 | 3.156 (1.348−7.390) | 0.008*b | 2.537 (0.980−6.571) | 0.055 b |
| 2 | 0.955 (0.286−3.189) | 0.940b | 1.164 (0.339−3.999) | 0.809 b |
* p < 0.05
Abbreviations: PSM, propensity score matching; OS, overall survival; CSS, cancer-specific survival; LLN, lower limit of normal; ULN, upper limit of normal; AGR, albumin to globulin ratio; LVI, lymphovascular invasion; AKP, alkaline phosphatase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; MLR, monocyte to lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet to lymphocyte ratio; GPS, Glasgow Prognostic Score; mGPS, modified Glasgow Prognostic Score.
a Age, T stage, N stage, Fuhrman grade, tumor size, tumor necrosis, LVI, hemoglobin, AKP, LDH, and AGR variables were tested in a multivariate analysis.
b Established inflammation-based prognostic scores were evaluated together with age, T stage, N stage, Fuhrman grade, tumor size, tumor necrosis, LVI, hemoglobin, AKP, and LDH variables; multivariate analysis for these inflammation-based prognostic scores was then conducted.