Table 4. LncRNAs potentially serve as therapeutic targets for RCC.

LncRNAs	Location	Properties/Mechanisms	References
HOTAIR	chromosome 12	recruit and bind on the locus of EZH2 and H3K27me3	80
		inhibit cycle-related genes p53, p21 and p16	80
		modulate covalent histones	80
		interact with methyltransferase PRC2, histone demethylase LSD1	80
		regulates gene silencing	80
		required for H3K27 trimethylation	81
		transcriptional silencing across the HOXD locus	81
RCCRT1	chr5:137801181-137805004	upregulated in RCC	49
		upregulated predicts poor survival of RCC	49
MALAT1	chromosome 11q13	independent predictor of OS in ccRCC	50, 51
		sequester serine/arginine splicing factors in nuclear speckle domains	83, 84
		regulate alternative splicing	84
		transcriptional activation of MALAT1 by c-Fos contribute to oncogenesis	51
		interact with Ezh2	51
		reciprocally repressed with miR205	51
		regulate EMT via E-cadherin and β-catenin	51
		promote ZEB2 expression by sponging miR-200s	85
H19	11p15.5	exon 1 of H19 harbors a miRNA-containing hairpin	86
		serve as the template of two miR6755p and miR6753p	86
LncRNA-SRLR	3q24	upregulated in intrinsically sorafenib resistant RCC	87
LncARSR	9q82.120.717-82.185.824	promote sunitinib resistance of RCC	88
		competitively bind to miR-34/miR-449	88
		facilitate AXL and c-MET expression	88
		exosome-transferred lncARSR confer sunitinib resistance	88
		targeting lncARSR restores sunitinib response in RCC	88
CADM1-AS1	antisense direction of a coding exon ofthe cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1)	involved in renal carcinogenesisindependent prognostic factor for ccRCC	60 60