Table 1. Clinical and experimental therapeutic approaches targeting TAMs.

Mechanism of intervention	Target	Strategy	Reference
Interference with TAM survival	Legumain	Legumain-based DNA vaccine	[13]
	CD204	Anti-204 immunotoxin	[61]
	IL4Rα/CD124	RNA aptamer	[14]
	CD52	Alemtuzumab▲	[100]
	FRβ	Anti-FRβ mAb	[63]
	Cytotoxicity in monocytes	Trabectedin (ET-743) ▲	[58–60]
		Liposomal clodronate
		M2pep
Inhibition of macrophage recruitment	CCL2/CCR2	Neutralizing antibody CNTO 888	[49–52, 69]
		CCL2 inhibitor bindarit
		CCR2 kinase antagonist PF-04136309▲
		Luteolin
	CSF1/CSF1R	Neutralizing antibody RG7155	[64–67]
		CSF-1R inhibitor PLX6134, GW2580 or PLX3397
		Liposomal bisphosphonate
		miR-26a
Repolarization of M2-like TAMs towards an M1-like phenotype	CSF1/CSF1R	CSF-1R inhibitor BLZ945	[53]
	Microenvironmental stimuli	IL12	[36, 48, 71–75]
		IFN-γ
		polyl:C
		bacteria-mediated tumor therapy
	Vascular normalization	Zoledronic acid▲	[76–79]
		Histidine-rich glycoprotein
		Hydrazinocurcumin
		DMXAA▲
	NF-κB pathway	TLR agonists (polyl:C, CpG-ODN, TLR9 ligand, IL10R mAb)	[12, 81–84, 101]
		PA-MSHA
		Flavone glycoside Baicalin
		CD40 mAb
		Natural compound corosolic acid
	MAPK/ERK pathway	CuNG	[85]
	Epigenetic regulation	Overexpressing miR-155/miR-511-3P	[87–89, 102]
		Deletion of miR-146a
Nanoparticle and liposome-based drug delivery systems	Engulfed by TAMs and subsequently target cancer cells	Mitoxantrone-loaded SLNsCisplatin-and cyclodextrin-loaded polymer nanoparticlesAlbumin nanoparticle–based Abraxane ▲Liposomal Doxil	[92, 93]

^▲Clinically feasible