Table 4.

Associations of Asthma Status Determined by NLP and Abstractor with Known Risk Factors for Asthma (n = 497)

	By NLP				By Manual Chart Review
	No Asthma (n = 339)	Asthma (n = 158)	OR (95% CI)	P Value	No asthma (n = 350)	Asthma (n = 147)	OR (95% CI)	P Value
Age, yr, median (IQR)*	11.2 (8.6–13.9)	12.4 (9.5–15.4)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	0.01	11.1 (8.6–13.9)	12.6 (9.8–15.5)	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	0.001
Male, n (%)	165 (48)	90 (56)	1.3 (0.9–2.0)	0.08	172 (49)	83 (56)	1.3 (0.9–1.9)	0.13
White, n (%)	263 (77)	120 (75)	0.9 (0.5–1.4)	0.68	271 (77)	112 (76)	0.9 (0.5–1.4)	0.76
Allergic rhinitis, n (%)	38 (11)	46 (29)	3.2 (2.0–5.2)	<0.001	40 (11)	44 (29)	3.3 (2.0–5.3)	<0.001
Eczema, n (%)	90 (26)	57 (36)	1.5 (1.0–2.3)	0.03	96 (27)	51 (34)	1.4 (0.9–2.1)	0.07
Family history of asthma, n (%)	69 (20)	62 (39)	2.5 (1.6–3.8)	<0.001	72 (20)	59 (40)	2.5 (1.7–3.9)	<0.001
Smoking during pregnancy (missing: 10),† n (%)	13 (3)	18 (11)	3.1 (1.5–6.6)	0.001	15 (4)	16 (11)	2.7 (1.2–5.6)	0.006
Smoking exposure after birth (missing: 36),‡ n (%)	15 (4)	17 (10)	2.3 (1.1–4.8)	0.01	14 (4)	18 (12)	3.0 (1.4–6.2)	0.001
Breastfeeding (missing: 38), n (%)	255 (81)	106 (72)	0.5 (0.3–0.9)	0.01	263 (81)	98 (72)	0.5 (0.3–0.9)	0.02
Cesarean section, n (%)	78 (23)	35 (22)	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	0.83	81 (23)	32 (21)	0.9 (0.5–1.4)	0.73
Birth weight, kg, median (IQR)	3.3 (3.0–3.7)	3.3 (3.0–3.7)	0.9 (0.7–1.3)	0.89	3.3 (2.9–3.7)	3.3 (3.0–3.7)	1.0 (0.7–1.3)	0.92

Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; IQR = interquartile range; NLP = natural language processing; OR = odds ratio.

^*Age at the last follow-up date.

^†Maternal smoking status during pregnancy.

^‡Household smoking exposure status between ages 0 and 6 years.