High-frequency optogenetic stimulation (40 Hz) of dDG excitatory neurons in dHP does not evoke brain-wide cortical and subcortical activation in V1, V2, LGN, and SC. (A) Averaged activation maps at 40-Hz stimulation. No robust positive BOLD responses are detected in bilateral V1, V2, LGN, and SC. (B) Regions of interest (ROIs) defined by the rat brain atlas to extract BOLD signal profiles. Abbreviations: LGN, lateral geniculate nucleus; SC, superior colliculus; V1, primary visual cortex; V2, secondary visual cortex. (C) The respective BOLD signal profiles extracted from the ROIs. Error bars indicate ±SEM.