Figure 7.

Altered Hippocampal Theta Activity, but Normal Response to Novelty, upon Septal Deletion of NKX2-1

(A) Apparatus for in vivo recordings (control n = 7, mutant n = 5).

(B) Control and mutant mice show similar running speeds (average over four trials ±SEM).

(C) Recording location in CA1 and raw traces of theta recording for a control and a mutant mouse.

(D) No differences in theta index between mutants and controls (average over four trials ±SEM).

(E) Frequency-speed function for a control and a mutant mouse showing the binned frequency data and linear fit. The mutant mice show higher frequency compared to controls at all speeds analyzed.

(F) Theta frequency at 15 cm/s is increased in freely moving mutant mice. Unpaired two-tailed t test: ^∗p < 0.05 (average over four trials ±SEM).

(G) Mean slope of the frequency-speed function is increased in mutant mice. Unpaired two-tailed t test: ^∗p < 0.05 (average over four trials ±SEM).

(H) No difference in the intercept over the four trials (±SEM).

(I) Experimental design for novelty detection.

(J) Mutants and controls show comparable behavioral responses to novelty as detected by increased running speed during the first session in a novel environment. Mean speed ± SEM. Two-way RM ANOVA. Post hoc uncorrected Fisher’s LSD, ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.001, and ^∗∗∗p < 0.0001.

(K) Theta index increases substantially during the first novel session for both mutants and controls (mean ± SEM). Two-way RM ANOVA. Post hoc uncorrected Fisher’s LSD, ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.001, and ^∗∗∗p < 0.0001.