Table 2.
Recommendations for applying the core AD CSF biomarkers Aβ1-42, T-tau, and P-tau181, for clinical diagnosis
| Perform CSF analysis | New CSF biomarkers | |
|---|---|---|
| Suspected AD diagnosis | ||
| Early-onset dementia | Yes | |
| No doubt in clinical diagnosis | No | |
| Ambiguous clinical diagnosis | Yes | |
| Early AD diagnosis | ||
| Pre-clinical AD | ||
| Clinical research | Yes | |
| Cognitively healthy elderly | No | |
| Prodromal AD | ||
| Clinical evidence for cognitive decline | Yes | |
| Differential dementia diagnosis (AD versus non-AD dementia) | Yes | Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40, t-PrP, Aβ1-37, Aβ1-38, α-synuclein |
| Mixed dementia pathology diagnosis | ||
| AD as co-pathology | No | |
| AD versus AD–CVD | Yes | |
| Atypical AD diagnosis | ||
| Diagnose atypical AD variants | Yes | |
Aβ β-amyloid, AD Alzheimer’s disease, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, CVD cerebrovascular disease, non-AD other dementia than AD