Table 1.
Baseline Clinical and Imaging Characteristics for 99 Cases of PRES, Stratified by Outcome
| Discharge Dispositiona | modified Rankin Scaleb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical and Imaging Characteristics |
All cases (n=99) |
Poor Outcome (n=15) |
Good Outcome (n=84) |
P | Poor Outcome (n=44) |
Good Outcome (n=53) |
P |
| Median age, y (IQR) | 52 (30–65) | 62 (30–65) | 52 (30–65) | 0.53 | 64 (42–69) | 45 (21–59) | <0.01 |
| Female | 74 (75.0) | 10 (67.0) | 64 (76.2) | 0.52 | 35 (79.6) | 37 (68.8) | 0.28 |
| Active cancer | 59 (59.6) | 12 (80.0) | 47 (56.0) | 0.09 | 29 (65.9) | 28 (52.8) | 0.19 |
| Active chemotherapy | 42 (42.2) | 8 (53.3) | 34 (40.5) | 0.35 | 21 (47.7) | 20 (37.7) | 0.32 |
| Prior brain radiation | 9 (9.1) | 4 (26.7) | 5 (6.0) | 0.03 | 8 (18.2) | 1 (1.9) | <0.01 |
| Immunosuppression | 21 (21.2) | 4 (26.7) | 17 (20.2) | 0.73 | 6 (13.6) | 15 (28.3) | 0.09 |
| Autoimmune disorder | 14 (14.1) | 1 (6.7) | 13 (15.5) | 0.68 | 2 (4.6) | 12 (22.6) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 42 (42.2) | 6 (40.0) | 36 (42.9) | 0.99 | 21 (47.7) | 20 (37.7) | 0.32 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 18 (18.2) | 1 (6.7) | 17 (20.2) | 0.29 | 5 (11.4) | 13 (24.5) | 0.12 |
| History of smoking | 29 (29.3) | 5 (33.3) | 24 (28.6) | 0.76 | 19 (43.2) | 9 (17.0) | <0.01 |
| Peripartum | 8 (8.1) | 0 (0) | 8 (9.5) | 0.60 | 2 (4.6) | 6 (11.3) | 0.29 |
| Sepsis | 24 (24.2) | 7 (50) | 17 (20.7) | 0.04 | 15 (34.9) | 8 (15.7) | 0.03 |
| SBP, mean (SD) | 180 (32) | 180 (28) | 180 (33) | 0.99 | 179 (27) | 181 (36) | 0.86 |
| MAP, mean (SD) | 151 (26) | 152 (22) | 151 (27) | 0.91 | 151 (24) | 151 (28) | 0.97 |
| Median LOS, days (IQR) | 10 (6–17) | 22 (10–32) | 9 (6–16) | 0.01 | 14.5 (8–26) | 8 (6–13) | <0.01 |
| ICU admission | 63 (63.6) | 11 (73.3) | 52 (61.9) | 0.56 | 31 (70.5) | 31 (58.5) | 0.22 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 17 (17.2) | 8 (53.3) | 9 (10.7) | <0.01 | 12 (27.3) | 5 (9.4) | 0.02 |
| Extensive edemac | 39 (39.4) | 7 (46.7) | 32 (38.1) | 0.53 | 22 (50) | 16 (30.2) | 0.05 |
| Brainstem edema | 21 (21.2) | 4 (26.7) | 17 (20.2) | 0.73 | 9 (25) | 7 (15.6) | 0.29 |
| IPH | 36 (36.4) | 9 (60.0) | 28 (33.3) | 0.05 | 22 (50.0) | 14 (26.4) | 0.02 |
| SAH | 10 (10.1) | 2 (13.3) | 8 (9.5) | 0.65 | 7 (16) | 2 (5.7) | 0.18 |
| IPH with mass effect | 7 (7.1) | 2 (13.3) | 5 (6.0) | 0.29 | 3 (6.8) | 4 (7.6) | 1.00 |
| Diffusion restriction | 15 (16.0) | 6 (42.9) | 9 (11.3) | 0.01 | 10 (23.8) | 5 (10) | 0.07 |
| Advanced PRESd | 49 (49.5) | 12 (80.0) | 38 (47.5) | 0.02 | 29 (67.4) | 20 (40.0) | 0.01 |
Data reported as number (%) unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range (25th–75th percentile); SBP, systolic blood pressure in mm Hg; MAP, mean arterial pressure in mm Hg; SD, standard deviation; LOS, length of stay; IPH, intraparenchymal hemorrhage; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Poor disposition defined as hospice or in-hospital death. Good disposition defined as home, sub-acute rehabilitation, or acute rehabilitation.
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) could not be determined for 2 cases. Poor mRS was defined as 3–6 (moderate disability to death). Good mRS was defined as 0–2 (no symptoms to slight disability).
Extensive edema was defined as vasogenic edema in 5 or more pre-specific regions.
Advanced PRES was defined as presence of hemorrhage with mass effect, diffusion restriction and/or extensive edema.