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. 2017 Jul 21;49(7):e359. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.85

Table 1. Currently available animal models of RILD.

Animal Gender Fractionation/Irradiated area Dose (Gy) Follow-up times Pathological properties Reference
Rat
 Wistar Male Single/Whole body 6 Gy 2 h • Increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation 30
  Male Single/Liver 25 Gy 24 and 48 h • Mild hepatocellular damage • Mild steatosis 49
  Male Fractionation/Liver Total 60 Gy (2 Gy per fraction) 3 mo • Upregulated ALP levels • No necroinflammation and fibrosis 36
 
 SD Not indicated Single/Abdomen 8 Gy 36 h • Sinusoidal congestion • Hemorrhage • Dilation of the central vein • Degenerated Hepatocyte • Kupffer cell activation 48
  Male Single/Liver 30 Gy 6 mo • Liver fibrosis 50
  Male Single/Liver 60 Gy 8 wk • Hepatic sinus congestion • Hepatocyte apoptosis • Liver fibrosis 34
             
Mouse
 C57BL/6 Female Single/Whole body 20 Gy 1 wk • Accumulation of fatty hepatocyte and apoptotic hepatocyte • Expansion of progenitors and • MF-HSC • Liver fibrosis 37
  Female Single/Whole body 6 Gy 1 wk • Accumulation of fatty hepatocytes and apoptotic cells • Liver fibrosis 51
  Male Single/Abdomen 6 Gy 6 and 10 wk • Upregulated ALT/AST levels • Apopotsis • Fat accumulation • Liver fibrosis 35
  Male Fractionation/Liver Total 30 Gy (6 Gy per fraction) 6 and 10 wk • Upregulated ALT/AST levels • Hepatic congestion • Liver fibrosis 52
             
NHP
 Rhesus monkey Female Fractionation/Liver Total 36 Gy (4.5 Gy per fraction) or Total 50 Gy (2.5 Gy per fraction) 9 mo • No clinical or biochemical signs of liver dysfunction 61
 
 Cynomolgus monkey Male Fractionation/Liver Total 40 Gy 10 wk • VOD • Hemorrhage • Upregulated ALP levels • Hepatic congestion • Liver fibrosis 62
 
Rabbit Not indicated Single/Liver 24–28 Gy or 36 Gy 1, 2 and 6 mo • No macroscopic and microscopic changes 56
 
Dog Not indicated Single/Liver 20 Gy 1 to 2 yr • Liver fibrosis • Liver cell atrophy 57

Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate transaminase; F, female; hr, hour(s); M, male; MF-HSC, myofibroblastic hepatic stellate cell; mo, month(s); NHP, nonhuman primate; SD, Sprague–Dawley; VOD, veno-occlusive disease; wk, week(s); yr, year(s).