Table 2.
Changes (mean change or change in proportion followed by 95% CI) in lifestyle, medical risk factors, cardioprotective medication and patient-reported outcome measures in cardiovascular patients between the IA, EOP and 1-year assessments
| IA (n=549) | EOP (n=549) | Change | IA (n=231) | 1 year (n=231) | Change | |
| Current smoking (%) | 9.3% | 7.8% | −1.5% (−3.5%, 0.5%); p=0.16 | 8.8% | 8.3% | −0.4% (−3.7%, 2.9%); p=1.00 |
| Fruit and vegetable: ≥5 portions/day (%) | 35.6% | 47.9% | 12.2% (7.7%, 16.8%); p<0.001 | 34.2% | 45.8% | 11.6% (4.2%, 18.9%); p=0.002 |
| Fish: >20 g/day (%) | 75.2% | 84.4% | 9.1% (5.2%, 13.1%); p<0.001 | 75.7% | 83.6% | 8.0% (1.7%, 14.2%); p=0.01 |
| Mediterranean Diet Score mean (SD) | 7.5 (2.2) | 8.5 (1.9) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1); p<0.001 | 7.2 (2.3) | 8.3 (2.0) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.4); p<0.001 |
| Physical activity: ≥5 times/week, ≥30 min (%) | 17.0% | 56.8% | 39.8% (34.5%, 45.0%); p<0.001 | 16.1% | 47.9% | 31.7% (24.2%, 39.3%); p<0.001 |
| Estimated METs maximum mean (SD) | 7.6 (2.0) | 8.5 (2.2) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1); p<0.001 | 7.6 (1.8) | 8.5 (2.0) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2); p<0.001 |
| Weight† kg mean (SD) | 84.0 (14.0) | 83.8 (13.7) | −0.2 (−0.6, 0.1); p=0.43 | 84.4 (14.6) | 84.1 (14.3) | −0.3 (−1.0, 0.3); p=0.35 |
| Waist circumference, cm mean (SD) | 97.0 (12.4) | 96.4 (11.9) | −0.6 (−0.9,–0.3); p<0.001 | 98.8 (10.9) | 97.9 (10.8) | −0.8 (−1.6,–0.1); p=0.03 |
| BP <140/90 mm Hg (%) | 70.3% | 85.6% | 15.4% (11.0%, 19.7%); p<0.001 | 69.9% | 79.0% | 9.2% (2.2%, 16.2%); p=0.01 |
| Total cholesterol <4 mmol/L (%) | 58.1% | 64.5% | 6.4% (1.9%, 10.9%); p=0.005 | 58.8% | 57.3% | −1.5% (−8.8%, 5.7%); p=0.77 |
| LDL-cholesterol <2 mmol/L (%) | 48.2% | 54.5% | 6.3% (2.0%, 10.6%); p<0.004 | 49.5% | 49.0% | 0.5% (−8.3%, 7.3%); p=1.00 |
| HbA1cmmol/mol mean (SD)* | 56.6 (15.0) | 57.0 (14.1) | 0.4 (−2.8, 3.6); p=0.81 | 53.7 (15.4) | 56.6 (13.5) | 2.9 (−3.2, 9.0); p=0.16 |
| Antiplatelet therapy (%) | 91.8% | 91.6% | −0.2% (−1.7%, 1.3%); p=1.00 | 92.1% | 89.1% | −3.1% (−6.6%, 0.4%); p=0.09 |
| Statins (%) | 90.2% | 92.2% | 2.0% (−0.2%, 4.2%); p=0.08 | 92.2% | 94.4% | 2.2% (−1.5%, 5.9%); p=0.30 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs (%) | 69.7% | 76.2% | 6.5% (3.3%, 9.6%); p<0.001 | 71.2% | 73.8% | 2.6% (−2.0%, 7.2%); p=0.31 |
| Beta blockers (%) | 71.3% | 68.7% | −2.6% (−5.2%, 0.0%); p=0.05 | 72.9% | 70.3% | −2.6% (−7.1%, 1.8%); p=0.29 |
| Calcium channel blockers (%) | 18.2% | 21.9% | 3.7% (1.2%, 6.2%); p=0.002 | 17.9% | 17.5% | −0.4% (−4.4%, 3.5%); p=1.00 |
| Diuretics (%) | 22.0% | 20.7% | −1.3% (−3.9%, 1.3%); p=0.36 | 20.5% | 19.7% | −0.9% (−5.3%, 3.6%); p=0.83 |
| HADS–Anxiety median (IQR) | 5 (2, 8) | 5 (2, 8) | 0 (0, 0); p=0.55 | 5 (2, 9) | 5 (2, 7) | −1 (−1, 0); p=0.06 |
| % HADS–Anxiety >8 | 27.8 | 26.3 | −1.5% (−8.4%, 5.3%); p=0.76 | 30.4 | 19.6 | −10.7% (−19.9%, −1.5%); p=0.02 |
| HADS–Depression median (IQR) | 3 (2, 7) | 2 (1, 6) | −1 (−1, 0); p<0.001 | 4 (2, 7) | 3 (1, 6) | −1 (−1, 0); p=0.002 |
| % HADS–Depression >8 | 23.2 | 11.6 | −11.6% (−17.7%, −5.5%); p<0.001 | 24.1 | 16.1 | −8.0% (−17.2%, 1.1%); p=0.09 |
| EQ-VAS (IQR) | 65 (50, 77) | 73 (60, 85) | 5 (0, 10); p<0.001 | 60 (50, 80) | 75 (60, 80) | 10 (0, 10); p<0.001 |
| Dartmouth COOP median (IQR) | 22 (17, 27) | 19 (15, 24) | −2 (−2, –1); p<0.001 | 23 (17, 27) | 21 (17, 25) | −1 (−3, 0); p=0.008 |
*In those with known diabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes at the IA.
†In those with BMI >25 kg/m2 at IA
ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; EOP, end of programme; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; IA, initial assessment; EQ-VAS, Euroqol Visual Analogue Scale.