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. 2017 Aug 21;7:8344. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08698-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The changes of left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) and heart rate (HR) in each maneuver protocol. ^*Indicates significant differences between the two ends of the short lines. Recovery phase 1 is the first 5 s post strain, and recovery phase 2 is the second 5 s of recovery. The error bars are standard error and n = 11.