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. 2017 Aug 21;7:9010. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09955-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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DEP trapping and characterization of polar capsules. (a) Light microscope image of a mixture of capsules and valves within a quadrupole electrode array chip, used for DEP characterization, at 10Vpp and 2 MHz. Note that the capsules (yellow arrows) are trapped (i.e. pDEP) on the edge of the electrodes (E), whereas valves (white dashed circle and white arrowheads) are repelled (i.e. nDEP) from the electrodes. Scale bar = 100 μm. (b) Schematic description of the DEP-based microfluidic chip, which consists of a main channel with embedded electrode arrays. (c) A photo of the DEP-based chip, showing the sample loading (S), wash buffer (W) channels, and the collection reservoir (C). (d) Magnified view of the electrode array with trapped polar capsules. Inset (red box) shows magnified electrode and capsules. The entire separation process is shown in Supplementary Video 1.