Table 1.

MSM models of sRAGE and CML relationships to incidence and disappearance of DN, CKD, and proteinuria and to death

Models	Transitions HR (95% CI)
Models	Absent to present	Absent to death	Present to absent	Present to death
DN^†	N = 129	N = 30	N = 85	N = 83
sRAGE (per 0.2 log pg/mL)	1.10 (1.03, 1.18)^*	0.73 (0.56, 0.94)^*	0.82 (0.75, 0.89)^*	1.12 (1.06, 1.19)^*
Duration (per 5 years)	1.23 (1.13, 1.35)^*	1.48 (1.13, 1.95)^*	0.93 (0.81, 1.07)	1.44 (1.32, 1.57)^*
Age at diagnosis (per 5 years)	1.15 (1.03, 1.28)^*	1.35 (0.85, 2.12)	1.12 (0.95, 1.31)	1.17 (1.03, 1.33)^*
HbA_1c (per 1%)	1.44 (1.29, 1.62)^*	1.01 (0.41, 2.47)	1.04 (0.90, 1.19)	1.23 (1.10, 1.37)^*
CKD^‡	N = 102	N = 41	N = 22	N = 45
sRAGE (per 0.2 log pg/mL)	1.38 (1.25, 1.52)^*	0.85 (0.70, 1.04)	1.15 (0.95, 1.40)	1.22 (1.11, 1.34)^*
Duration (per 5 years)	1.42 (1.27, 1.59)^*	1.43 (1.17, 1.75)^*	0.90 (0.69, 1.17)	1.57 (1.38, 1.80)^*
Age at diagnosis (per 5 years)	1.39 (1.20, 1.62)^*	0.97 (0.72, 1.32)	1.77 (1.25, 2.51)^*	1.24 (1.04, 1.48)^*
HbA_1c (per 1%)	1.52 (1.32, 1.75)^*	1.52 (1.16, 1.99)^*	1.01 (0.72, 1.41)	1.28 (1.08, 1.53)^*
MABP (per 5 mmHg)	1.15 (1.04, 1.26)^*	1.03 (0.83, 1.26)	0.87 (0.69, 1.09)	1.01 (0.90, 1.13)
Sex (male)	0.46 (0.29, 0.71)^*	1.20 (0.52, 2.77)	0.23 (0.08, 0.68)^*	1.62 (0.93, 2.79)
Proteinuria^‡	N = 97	N = 43	N = 84	N = 43
sRAGE (per 0.2 log pg/mL)	1.07 (0.97, 1.18)	0.98 (0.76, 1.25)	0.90 (0.81, 0.98)^*	1.19 (1.06, 1.33)^*
Duration (per 5 years)	1.16 (1.03, 1.30)^*	1.56 (1.26, 1.93)^*	1.05 (0.90, 1.22)	1.70 (1.46, 1.98)^*
Age at diagnosis (per 5 years)	0.86 (0.74, 1.00)	1.24 (0.84, 1.82)	0.93 (0.78, 1.11)	1.25 (1.03, 1.51)^*
HbA_1c (per 1%)	1.43 (1.24, 1.64)^*	1.05 (0.57, 1.93)	0.97 (0.81, 1.17)	1.38 (1.10, 1.73)^*
MABP (per 5 mmHg)	1.16 (1.04, 1.29)^*	0.98 (0.74, 1.30)	0.98 (0.87, 1.10)	0.96 (0.85, 1.09)
Smoking status (current)	2.18 (1.38, 3.43)^*	1.95 (0.72, 5.27)	1.38 (0.81, 2.34)	1.26 (0.71, 2.25)
DN^†	N = 129	N = 30	N = 85	N = 83
CML (per 0.2 log pg/mL)	1.04 (0.97, 1.11)	0.50 (0.34, 0.73)^*	1.07 (0.97, 1.17)	1.08 (1.01, 1.16)^*
Duration (per 5 years)	1.24 (1.14, 1.35)^*	1.45 (1.10, 1.91)^*	0.92 (0.80, 1.05)	1.48 (1.36, 1.62)^*
Age at diagnosis (per 5 years)	1.15 (1.03, 1.28)^*	1.67 (0.98, 2.86)	1.11 (0.94, 1.30)	1.13 (0.99, 1.29)
HbA_1c (per 1%)	1.45 (1.30, 1.61)^*	0.97 (0.60, 1.56)	1.03 (0.90, 1.18)	1.21 (1.10, 1.34)^*
CKD^‡	N = 102	N = 41	N = 22	N = 45
CML (per 0.2 log pg/mL)	1.04 (0.93, 1.16)	0.72 (0.55, 0.94)^*	1.35 (1.10, 1.66)^*	1.12 (1.00, 1.25)^*
Duration (per 5 years)	1.42 (1.28, 1.58)^*	1.38 (1.11, 1.73)^*	0.87 (0.67, 1.13)	1.53 (1.35, 1.75)^*
Age at diagnosis (per 5 years)	1.44 (1.25, 1.66)^*	0.84 (0.58, 1.21)	1.54 (1.07, 2.22)^*	1.30 (1.09, 1.55)^*
HbA_1c (per 1%)	1.41 (1.23, 1.63)^*	1.76 (1.31, 2.35)^*	0.92 (0.64, 1.32)	1.15 (0.96, 1.37)
MABP (per 5 mmHg)	1.09 (0.99, 1.19)	1.13 (0.92, 1.39)	0.82 (0.66, 1.02)	1.02 (0.92, 1.14)
Sex (male)	0.50 (0.33, 0.75)^*	1.36 (0.51, 3.63)	0.51 (0.18, 1.47)	1.34 (0.80, 2.25)
Proteinuria^‡	N = 97	N = 43	N = 84	N = 43
CML (per 0.2 log pg/mL)	1.00 (0.92, 1.09)	0.59 (0.27, 1.31)	0.98 (0.88, 1.09)	1.05 (0.94, 1.17)
Duration (per 5 years)	1.17 (1.06, 1.30)^*	1.48 (1.13, 1.95)^*	0.99 (0.86, 1.15)	1.76 (1.51, 2.04)^*
Age at diagnosis (per 5 years)	0.87 (0.76, 1.00)	1.56 (0.59, 4.11)	0.93 (0.78, 1.09)	1.17 (0.97, 1.41)
HbA_1c (per 1%)	1.44 (1.26, 1.65)^*	0.98 (0.47, 2.05)	1.02 (0.86, 1.22)	1.30 (1.09, 1.56)^*
MABP (per 5 mmHg)	1.14 (1.03, 1.27)^*	0.78 (0.44, 1.38)	0.97 (0.87, 1.08)	1.02 (0.89, 1.16)
Smoking status (current)	2.15 (1.38, 3.33)^*	1.84 (0.40, 8.36)	1.43 (0.86, 2.40)	1.31 (0.75, 2.27)

Our MSM models have three states: 1) disease present, 2) disease absent, and 3) death. Transitions between states are simultaneously modeled, resulting in four transitions. MABP, mean arterial blood pressure.

Statistically significant associations; P value <0.05.

^†

Defined as either the presence of proteinuria, CKD, dialysis, or renal transplant.

^‡

Excludes cases with dialysis or renal transplant.