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. 2017 Jun 19;40(9):e117–e119. doi: 10.2337/dc17-0421

Table 1.

MSM models of sRAGE and CML relationships to incidence and disappearance of DN, CKD, and proteinuria and to death

Models Transitions HR (95% CI)
Absent to present Absent to death Present to absent Present to death
DN N = 129 N = 30 N = 85 N = 83
 sRAGE (per 0.2 log pg/mL) 1.10 (1.03, 1.18)* 0.73 (0.56, 0.94)* 0.82 (0.75, 0.89)* 1.12 (1.06, 1.19)*
 Duration (per 5 years) 1.23 (1.13, 1.35)* 1.48 (1.13, 1.95)* 0.93 (0.81, 1.07) 1.44 (1.32, 1.57)*
 Age at diagnosis (per 5 years) 1.15 (1.03, 1.28)* 1.35 (0.85, 2.12) 1.12 (0.95, 1.31) 1.17 (1.03, 1.33)*
 HbA1c (per 1%) 1.44 (1.29, 1.62)* 1.01 (0.41, 2.47) 1.04 (0.90, 1.19) 1.23 (1.10, 1.37)*
CKD N = 102 N = 41 N = 22 N = 45
 sRAGE (per 0.2 log pg/mL) 1.38 (1.25, 1.52)* 0.85 (0.70, 1.04) 1.15 (0.95, 1.40) 1.22 (1.11, 1.34)*
 Duration (per 5 years) 1.42 (1.27, 1.59)* 1.43 (1.17, 1.75)* 0.90 (0.69, 1.17) 1.57 (1.38, 1.80)*
 Age at diagnosis (per 5 years) 1.39 (1.20, 1.62)* 0.97 (0.72, 1.32) 1.77 (1.25, 2.51)* 1.24 (1.04, 1.48)*
 HbA1c (per 1%) 1.52 (1.32, 1.75)* 1.52 (1.16, 1.99)* 1.01 (0.72, 1.41) 1.28 (1.08, 1.53)*
 MABP (per 5 mmHg) 1.15 (1.04, 1.26)* 1.03 (0.83, 1.26) 0.87 (0.69, 1.09) 1.01 (0.90, 1.13)
 Sex (male) 0.46 (0.29, 0.71)* 1.20 (0.52, 2.77) 0.23 (0.08, 0.68)* 1.62 (0.93, 2.79)
Proteinuria N = 97 N = 43 N = 84 N = 43
 sRAGE (per 0.2 log pg/mL) 1.07 (0.97, 1.18) 0.98 (0.76, 1.25) 0.90 (0.81, 0.98)* 1.19 (1.06, 1.33)*
 Duration (per 5 years) 1.16 (1.03, 1.30)* 1.56 (1.26, 1.93)* 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) 1.70 (1.46, 1.98)*
 Age at diagnosis (per 5 years) 0.86 (0.74, 1.00) 1.24 (0.84, 1.82) 0.93 (0.78, 1.11) 1.25 (1.03, 1.51)*
 HbA1c (per 1%) 1.43 (1.24, 1.64)* 1.05 (0.57, 1.93) 0.97 (0.81, 1.17) 1.38 (1.10, 1.73)*
 MABP (per 5 mmHg) 1.16 (1.04, 1.29)* 0.98 (0.74, 1.30) 0.98 (0.87, 1.10) 0.96 (0.85, 1.09)
 Smoking status (current) 2.18 (1.38, 3.43)* 1.95 (0.72, 5.27) 1.38 (0.81, 2.34) 1.26 (0.71, 2.25)
DN N = 129 N = 30 N = 85 N = 83
 CML (per 0.2 log pg/mL) 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) 0.50 (0.34, 0.73)* 1.07 (0.97, 1.17) 1.08 (1.01, 1.16)*
 Duration (per 5 years) 1.24 (1.14, 1.35)* 1.45 (1.10, 1.91)* 0.92 (0.80, 1.05) 1.48 (1.36, 1.62)*
 Age at diagnosis (per 5 years) 1.15 (1.03, 1.28)* 1.67 (0.98, 2.86) 1.11 (0.94, 1.30) 1.13 (0.99, 1.29)
 HbA1c (per 1%) 1.45 (1.30, 1.61)* 0.97 (0.60, 1.56) 1.03 (0.90, 1.18) 1.21 (1.10, 1.34)*
CKD N = 102 N = 41 N = 22 N = 45
 CML (per 0.2 log pg/mL) 1.04 (0.93, 1.16) 0.72 (0.55, 0.94)* 1.35 (1.10, 1.66)* 1.12 (1.00, 1.25)*
 Duration (per 5 years) 1.42 (1.28, 1.58)* 1.38 (1.11, 1.73)* 0.87 (0.67, 1.13) 1.53 (1.35, 1.75)*
 Age at diagnosis (per 5 years) 1.44 (1.25, 1.66)* 0.84 (0.58, 1.21) 1.54 (1.07, 2.22)* 1.30 (1.09, 1.55)*
 HbA1c (per 1%) 1.41 (1.23, 1.63)* 1.76 (1.31, 2.35)* 0.92 (0.64, 1.32) 1.15 (0.96, 1.37)
 MABP (per 5 mmHg) 1.09 (0.99, 1.19) 1.13 (0.92, 1.39) 0.82 (0.66, 1.02) 1.02 (0.92, 1.14)
 Sex (male) 0.50 (0.33, 0.75)* 1.36 (0.51, 3.63) 0.51 (0.18, 1.47) 1.34 (0.80, 2.25)
Proteinuria N = 97 N = 43 N = 84 N = 43
 CML (per 0.2 log pg/mL) 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) 0.59 (0.27, 1.31) 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) 1.05 (0.94, 1.17)
 Duration (per 5 years) 1.17 (1.06, 1.30)* 1.48 (1.13, 1.95)* 0.99 (0.86, 1.15) 1.76 (1.51, 2.04)*
 Age at diagnosis (per 5 years) 0.87 (0.76, 1.00) 1.56 (0.59, 4.11) 0.93 (0.78, 1.09) 1.17 (0.97, 1.41)
 HbA1c (per 1%) 1.44 (1.26, 1.65)* 0.98 (0.47, 2.05) 1.02 (0.86, 1.22) 1.30 (1.09, 1.56)*
 MABP (per 5 mmHg) 1.14 (1.03, 1.27)* 0.78 (0.44, 1.38) 0.97 (0.87, 1.08) 1.02 (0.89, 1.16)
 Smoking status (current) 2.15 (1.38, 3.33)* 1.84 (0.40, 8.36) 1.43 (0.86, 2.40) 1.31 (0.75, 2.27)

Our MSM models have three states: 1) disease present, 2) disease absent, and 3) death. Transitions between states are simultaneously modeled, resulting in four transitions. MABP, mean arterial blood pressure.

*

Statistically significant associations; P value <0.05.

Defined as either the presence of proteinuria, CKD, dialysis, or renal transplant.

Excludes cases with dialysis or renal transplant.