Table 3.
Relationship between frailty markers, two frailty phenotypes, and short-term outcomes in survivors in study sample
| Hospital Discharge |
Six Months after Discharge |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Increased Disability (n = 36) | Increased Disability (n = 41) | P Value* | No Increased Disability (n = 45) | Died/Increased Disability (n = 31) | P Value* | |
| Frailty marker,† n (%) | ||||||
| Weight loss/malnutrition | 7 (19.4) | 9 (22.0) | 1.000 | 11 (24.4) | 5 (16.1) | 0.568 |
| Fatigue/low energy | 8 (22.2) | 10 (24.4) | 1.000 | 8 (17.8) | 9 (29.0) | 0.292 |
| Decreased mobility | 16 (44.4) | 29 (70.7) | 0.023 | 21 (46.7) | 22 (71.0) | 0.059 |
| Decreased strength | 12 (33.3) | 20 (48.8) | 0.247 | 12 (26.7) | 19 (61.3) | 0.004 |
| Impaired moderate physical activity | 17 (47.2) | 28 (68.3) | 0.069 | 21 (46.7) | 23 (74.2) | 0.020 |
| Cognitive impairment | 4 (11.1) | 5 (12.2) | 1.000 | 5 (11.1) | 4 (12.9) | 1.000 |
| Sensory impairment | 7 (19.4) | 9 (22.0) | 1.000 | 9 (20.0) | 7 (22.6) | 0.783 |
| Two possible frailty phenotypes,‡ n (%) | ||||||
| ≥2 of 7 frailty markers | 19 (52.8) | 31 (75.6) | 0.036 | 24 (53.3) | 25 (80.7) | 0.014 |
| ≥3 of 7 frailty markers | 16 (44.4) | 24 (58.5) | 0.257 | 17 (37.8) | 22 (71.0) | 0.005 |
*
P value presented is from χ2 or Fisher exact test.
†
See Table E1 for an overview of the assessment and cutoff used to capture the frailty markers.
‡
Frailty phenotype defined as at least two or three frailty markers of the seven markers.