Table 1.
Baseline anthropometric and metabolic parameters in nondiabetic (ND) and diabetic (T2D) surgical patients and in non-obese control subjects (Ctrls)§.
| ND | T2D | p* | Ctrls | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (F/M) | 15 (14/1) | 13 (9/4) | ns | 611 (405/206) |
| Age (years) | 41 ± 3 | 50 ± 2 | 0.01 | 43 ± 1 |
| BMI (kg.m−2) | 51.0 ± 1.6 | 50.0 ± 2.2 | ns | 22.4 ± 1.8° |
| FM (%) | 52 ± 1 | 47 ± 2 | ns | 24 ± 8° |
| FM (kg) | 72 ± 4 | 63 ± 5 | ns | 16 ± 5° |
| FFM (kg) | 67 ± 3 | 71 ± 5 | ns | 49 ± 9° |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 133 ± 3 | 141 ± 7 | ns | 78 ± 9° |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.5 ± 0.1 | 9.1 ± 0.8 | <0.0001 | 4.9 ± 0.5° |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 138 [72] | 137 [115] | ns | 23 [16]° |
| Plasma NEFA (mmol/L) | 0.58 [0.25] | 0.67 [0.14] | ns | 0.51 [0.26]° |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 0.3 | ns | 4.8 ± 0.9 |
| Triacylglycerols (mmol/L) | 1.2 [0.5] | 1.3 [0.7] | ns | 0.8 [0.5]° |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | ns | 1.6 ± 0.4° |
| Adiponectin (ng/ml) | 6.1 ± 0.7 | 6.7 ± 1.0 | ns | 9.5 ± 4.1° |
| MCP-1 (pg/ml) | 235 [154] | 265 [120] | ns | nd |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 3.66 [2.19] | 5.77 [3.54] | ns | 0.86 [1.6]° |
| TNFa (pg/ml) | 1.45 [0.61] | 1.17 [0.46] | ns | 0.75 [0.31]° |
| M/I (nmol.min−1.kgFFM −1.pM-1) | 31 [22] | 25 [31] | ns | 154 [83]° |
| RaGly (µmol.min−1) | 354 [92] | 349 [91] | ns | 113 [86]° |
| AT-IR (mmol.min−1.kgFM −1.pM) | 0.54 [0.63] | 0.83 [0.68] | ns | 0.30 [0.16]° |
| Mean Glucose (mmol/L) | 6.0 ± 0.2 | 9.8 ± 1.0 | <0.0001 | 6.3 ± 0.1° |
| ß-GS (pmol.min−1.m−2.mM−1) | 128 [42] | 21 [24] | <0.0001 | 125 [86]° |
| Total insulin output (nmol.m−2) | 97 [41] | 50 [45] | 0.004 | 37 [15]° |
| Fasting ISR (pmol.min−1.m−2) | 144[103] | 99 [100] | ns | 59 [26]° |
§Entries are mean ± SEM or median [interquartile range]; BMI = body mass index; FM = fat mass; NEFA = nonesterified fatty acids; MCP-1 = monocyte chemoattractant protein; IL-6 = interleukin-6; TNFα = tumor necrosis factor-α; M/I = insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate; RaGly = glycerol rate of appearance; AT-IR = adipose tissue insulin resistance index; Mean Glucose = calculated from the glucose AUC during MTT; ß-GS = beta-cell glucose sensitivity; ISR = insulin secretion rate; nd = not determined.
*T2D vs ND by Mann Whitney test.
°p ≤ 0.05 for the difference between controls (Ctrls) and the combined ND and T2D group.