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. 2017 Aug 21;7:8907. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09331-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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CD4 T cell and neutralizing antibody response to YF-17D vaccination. (a) Schematic representation of immature and mature flavivirus particles. The virion contains three structural proteins: C (capsid), prM (membrane) and E (envelope). The envelope of immature virions is covered by spikes of prM-E heterodimers. In mature virus particles, E proteins are arranged into homodimers. The soluble form of E (sE) lacks the membrane anchor and stem region. Reproduced from Vratskikh, et al.⁶⁸. (b) Individual CD4 T cell responses to YF virus C, prM and E from 76 YF-vaccinated and 10 YF-naïve individuals as determined in IL-2 ELISPOT assays. Results are given as spot forming cells (SFCs). Medians are depicted as black lines. The dashed line represents the cut-off for assay positivity. (c) Responder frequencies to C, prM and E in 76 YF vacinees. (d) Percentage of spots contributed by C, prM and E peptides in 76 YF-17D vaccinees. (e–g) Spearman correlation of C- prM- and E-specific CD4 T cell responses and neutralizing Ab titers. Linear regressions are indicated by black lines.