Figure 9.

Treatment with MEK1/2 inhibitor suppresses malaria-induced Th1 development and CD8⁺ T cell cytotoxicity. PbA-infected mice were treated i.p. with 3 mg of PD/kg body weight or vehicle daily starting at 6 h pi. Spleen cells from the PbA-infected mice at 4 days and 6 days pi were stained with antibodies against surface markers and the indicated intracellular proteins and analyzed by flow cytometery. A–C, shown are the gating strategy for CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells (A) and IFNγ⁺, IL-10⁺, IL-4⁺, T-bet⁺, and granzyme B⁺ CD4⁺ and/or CD8⁺ T cell numbers per spleen (B and C). The cytokine⁺, T-bet⁺, and granzyme B⁺ cells were gated as shown supplemental Fig. S4, A and B. The data are representative of three or four independent experiments; n = 3 or 4 mice/group in each experiment. Statistical analysis was by one-way ANOVA with Newman–Keuls correction for multiple comparisons. Error bars, S.D. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.