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. 2017 Aug 21;8:992. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00992

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Copyright © 2017 Aussy, Boyer and Cordel.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Muscle biopsy of dermatomyositis. (A) Perifascicular atrophy. (B) Area of contiguous necrotic myofibers (arrow) corresponding to a microinfarct. (C) Punch-out vacuoles within myofibers (arrows) assessing focal myosinolysis. (D) Ubiquitous myofiber reexpression of MHC-class I with perifascicular reinforcement. (E) Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) immunostaining showing large areas of positive myofibers indicating muscle ischemia. (F) Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) immunostaining for endothelial cells showing marked endomysial capillary drop out. (G) Complement activation assessed by the presence of membrane attack complex deposits at the level of endomysial capillaries (arrows). Frozen sections, light microscopy; hematoxylin-eosin (A–C), immunoperoxydase technique (D–G), HLA-ABC (D), CD56/NCAM (E), CD31/PECAM (F), and C5b-9 (G).