Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Variable | Level | First event (n=24 093) | Second event | |||
| Prior history of vascular disease | Prior history of diabetes | Prior history of vascular disease + diabetes | Other high risk | |||
| n=9434 | n=3784 | n=3559 | n=7316 | n=5274 | ||
| Continuous variables (mean (SD)) | ||||||
| Age at index | 73.02 (10.95) | 71.87 (11.58) | 72.30 (10.19) | 72.85 (11.47) | 72.81 (10.80) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.54 (4.90) | 30.51 (6.36) | 30.05 (5.60) | 27.93 (5.47) | 28.65 (5.58) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 135.62 (18.41) | 137.01 (18.75) | 136.03 (18.59) | 136.90 (18.94) | 133.02 (19.31) | |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.50 (0.97) | 2.16 (0.88) | 2.07 (0.81) | 2.63 (1.01) | 2.23 (0.89) | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.47 (1.08) | 4.17 (1.07) | 4.05 (0.98) | 4.66 (1.13) | 4.19 (1.06) | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.53 (1.00) | 1.84 (1.51) | 1.81 (1.19) | 1.57 (1.11) | 1.63 (1.04) | |
| Categorical variables (N (%)) | ||||||
| Index event | CABG | 1253 (13.3) | 121 (3.2) | 438 (12.3) | 325 (4.4) | 442 (8.4) |
| HF | 1005 (10.7) | 870 (23.0) | 588 (16.5) | 1133 (15.5) | 1104 (20.9) | |
| IS | 1016 (10.8) | 698 (18.4) | 373 (10.5) | 1402 (19.2) | 532 (10.1) | |
| MI | 1358 (14.4) | 873 (23.1) | 665 (18.7) | 1572 (21.5) | 769 (14.6) | |
| PTCA | 1650 (17.5) | 245 (6.5) | 483 (13.6) | 567 (7.8) | 814 (15.4) | |
| TIA | 579 (6.1) | 304 (8.0) | 180 (5.1) | 594 (8.1) | 266 (5.0) | |
| UA | 2573 (27.3) | 673 (17.8) | 832 (23.4) | 1723 (23.6) | 1347 (25.5) | |
| Vascular disease | AAA | 117 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 26 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (0.5) |
| Angina | 5359 (56.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1880 (52.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1861 (35.3) | |
| PVD | 1153 (12.2) | 0 (0.0) | 819 (23.0) | 0 (0.0) | 524 (9.9) | |
| TIA | 1511 (16.0) | 0 (0.0) | 494 (13.9) | 0 (0.0) | 442 (8.4) | |
| Cardiac ischaemia | 7535 (79.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2726 (76.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2508 (47.6) | |
| Carotid stenosis | 164 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 59 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 54 (1.0) | |
| Important risk factors | Hypertension | 3913 (68.5) | 1645 (43.5) | 1794 (50.4) | 2939 (40.2) | 2364 (44.8) |
| Diabetes | 0 (0.0) | 3784 (100.0) | 3559 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1905 (36.1) | |
| COPD | 813 (8.6) | 267(7.1) | 313 (8.8) | 565 (7.7) | 524 (9.9) | |
| CKD | 2096 (22.2) | 1179 (31.2) | 1162 (32.6) | 1601 (21.9) | 1815 (34.4) | |
| CV risk factors | AF | 1260 (13.4) | 423 (11.2) | 494 (13.9) | 908 (12.4) | 715 (13.6) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 0 (0.0) | 3611 (95.4) | 3362 (94.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1714 (32.5) | |
| Medications | Antihypertensives | 8468 (89.8) | 3277 (86.6) | 3371 (94.7) | 5857 (80.1) | 4979 (94.4) |
| Antithrombotics | 8322 (88.2) | 2548 (67.3) | 3172 (89.1) | 4776 (65.3) | 4901 (92.9) | |
| Antidiabetics | 0 (0.0) | 3151 (83.3) | 2922 (82.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1599 (30.3) | |
| Year of index event | 2006 | 1846 (19.6) | 491 (13.0) | 617 (17.3) | 994 (13.6) | 425 (8.1) |
| 2007 | 1737 (18.4) | 557 (14.7) | 597 (16.8) | 1084 (14.8) | 782 (14.8) | |
| 2008 | 1538 (16.3) | 625 (16.5) | 586 (16.5) | 1109 (15.2) | 877 (16.6) | |
| 2009 | 1513 (16.0) | 641 (16.9) | 615 (17.3) | 1254 (17.1) | 986 (18.7) | |
| 2010 | 1323 (14.0) | 662 (17.5) | 519 (14.6) | 1297 (17.7) | 980 (18.6) | |
| 2011 | 1173 (12.4) | 658 (17.4) | 503 (14.1) | 1296 (17.7) | 987 (18.7) | |
| 2012 | 304 (3.2) | 150 (4.0) | 122 (3.4) | 282 (3.9) | 237 (4.5) | |
| Age group | <60 | 1175 (12.5) | 606 (16.0) | 424 (11.9) | 965 (13.2) | 652 (12.4) |
| 60–69 | 2195 (23.3) | 859 (22.7) | 857 (24.1) | 1664 (22.7) | 1167 (22.1) | |
| 70–79 | 3152 (33.4) | 1241 (32.8) | 1380 (38.8) | 2408 (32.9) | 1932 (36.6) | |
| ≥80 | 2912 (30.9) | 1078 (28.5) | 898 (25.2) | 2279 (31.2) | 1523 (28.9) | |
| Gender | Male | 5896 (62.5) | 2065 (54.6) | 2232 (62.7) | 4028 (55.1) | 3177 (60.2) |
| Smoking status | Current | 1037 (11.0) | 497 (13.1) | 396 (11.1) | 937 (12.8) | 488 (9.3) |
| Former | 3820 (40.5) | 1378 (36.4) | 1601 (45.0) | 2221 (30.4) | 2248 (42.6) | |
| Never | 2380 (25.2) | 1266 (33.5) | 1072 (30.1) | 1765 (24.1) | 1375 (26.1) | |
| Missing | 2197 (23.3) | 643 (17.0) | 490 (13.8) | 2393 (32.7) | 1163 (22.1) | |
AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm; AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CKD, chronic kidney; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; IS, ischemic stroke; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MI, myocardial infarction; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; UA, unstable angina.