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Effect of hops extract, containing 45% beta-acids (a mixture of lupulone, colupulone, and adlupulone) on ammonia production by washed (uncultivated) cell suspensions from the goat rumen. Ammonia production from peptides (triangles) or amino acids (circles) after 24 h incubation (39°C) are shown. Error bars indicate SEM. Asterisks indicate treatments that are different than the 0 ppm control. Data adapted from Ref. (84).
