Table 1.
Overall (N = 10 092) | Missing data (n)a | Men (n = 4796) | Women (n = 5296) | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SDb | 73.6 ± 5.6 | — | 73.7 ± 5.6 | 73.6 ± 5.6 | 0.114 |
Age groups, n (%) | |||||
65–69 years | 2389 (23.7%) | — | 1101 (23.0%) | 1288 (24.3%) | 0.108 |
70–74 years | 3642 (36.1%) | — | 1759 (36.7%) | 1883 (35.6%) | 0.241 |
75–79 years | 2509 (24.9%) | — | 1161 (24.2%) | 1348 (25.5%) | 0.148 |
80–84 years | 1177 (11.7%) | — | 588 (12.3%) | 589 (11.1%) | 0.075 |
85 years and older | 375 (3.7%) | — | 187 (3.9%) | 188 (3.5%) | 0.354 |
Medical diagnoses, n (%) | |||||
Hypertension | 4642 (46.0%) | 2 | 2289 (47.7%) | 2353 (44.5%) | 0.002 |
Heart disease | 1730 (17.2%) | 13 | 975 (20.4%) | 755 (14.3%) | <0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1287 (12.8%) | 3 | 765 (16.0%) | 522 (9.9%) | <0.001 |
Osteoporosis | 1357 (13.5%) | 5 | 84 (1.8%) | 1,273 (24.1%) | <0.001 |
Arthritis | 1828 (18.2%) | 18 | 509 (10.6%) | 1,319 (25.0%) | <0.001 |
Prescribed medications (n), mean ± SD | 2.6 ± 2.6 | 27 | 2.6 ± 2.6 | 2.7 ± 2.5 | 0.026 |
Education (years), mean ± SD | 11.7 ± 2.2 | 12 | 12.3 ± 2.8 | 11.2 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
Living alone, n (%) | 1241 (12.3%) | 22 | 285 (6.0%) | 956 (18.1%) | <0.001 |
Physical performance measures | |||||
Grip strength (kg), mean ± SD | 26.6 ± 7.8 | 291 | 32.8 ± 6.1 | 20.9 ± 4.1 | <0.001 |
Five‐times‐sit‐to‐stand test (s), mean ± SD | 8.93 ± 3.06 | 395 | 8.80 ± 2.84 | 9.04 ± 3.24 | <0.001 |
Walking speed (m/s), mean ± SD | 1.14 ± 0.23 | 28 | 1.14 ± 0.22 | 1.14 ± 0.24 | 0.830 |
Body composition measures | |||||
Height (cm), mean ± SD | 156.3 ± 8.7 | 12 | 163.3 ± 5.8 | 150.0 ± 5.6 | <0.001 |
Body weight (kg), mean ± SD | 56.8 ± 10.1 | 52 | 62.7 ± 8.7 | 51.5 ± 8.1 | <0.001 |
Fat mass (kg), mean ± SD | 15.9 ± 5.8 | 89 | 14.6 ± 5.1 | 17.1 ± 6.1 | <0.001 |
Appendicular muscle mass (kg), mean ± SD | 17.1 ± 4.1 | 89 | 20.5 ± 2.9 | 13.9 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 23.2 ± 3.1 | 52 | 23.5 ± 2.8 | 22.9 ± 3.3 | <0.001 |
ASMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 6.9 ± 1.1 | 89 | 7.7 ± 0.9 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
n, number.
SD, standard deviation.
BMI, body mass index.
ASMI, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index.
ASMI was derived from the appendicular muscle mass (kg) divided by the square of height (m2).