Table 2.

Human studies not supporting beneficial effects of beta‐hydroxy‐beta‐methylbutyrate in exercise

Study design	Result	Reference
Non‐resistance‐trained subjects, HMB (40 mg/kg /day) for 6 days before maximal isokinetic exercise of elbow flexors	No beneficial effect on muscle soreness, arm girth, and torque measures	Paddon‐Jones et al.47
Resistance‐trained men, HMB (0.3 or 6 g/day), resistance training for 28 days	No beneficial effect on muscle strength and body composition	Kreider et al. 48
Rugby players, HMB (3 g/day) for 6 weeks	No beneficial effect on aerobic and anaerobic ability	O'Connor and Crowe49
Rugby players, HMB (3 g/day) for 6 weeks	No beneficial effect on muscle strength and endurance	O'Connor and Crowe50
Resistance‐trained athletes, HMB (3 g/day) for 6 weeks	No beneficial effect on muscle strength, body composition, and markers of muscle damage	Slater et al.51
Football players, HMB (3 g/day) for 4 weeks	No beneficial effect on muscle strength and body composition	Ransone et al. 52
Resistance‐trained subjects, HMB (3 g/day) for 9 weeks	No beneficial effect on body composition	Thomson et al. 53
Football players, HMB (3 g/day) for 10 days	No beneficial effect on anaerobic power and creatine kinase and myoglobin in blood	Hoffman et al. 54
Recreational exercisers, HMB (3 g/day) + KIC (0.3 g/day) for 11 days before downhill running	No benefits on indices of muscle damage	Nunan et al. 55