Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study participants split by TDAS score in men and women
| Men | Women | P * | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TDAS score | 15 | 14 | 13 or less | P | 15 | 14 | 13 or less | P | |
| n | 309 | 193 | 107 | 393 | 368 | 148 | 0.002 | ||
| Age, years | 67.2 ± 6.9 | 70.0 ± 6.9** | 70.6 ± 7.0** | <0.0001 | 65.5 ± 6.3 | 68.6 ± 6.4** | 69.6 ± 6.4** | <0.0001 | 0.0002 |
| Body height, cm | 165.6 ± 5.4 | 164.2 ± 5.6* | 163.4 ± 5.3** | 0.0003 | 152.9 ± 5.3 | 151.4 ± 5.5** | 150.6 ± 4.9** | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Body weight, kg | 65.3 ± 8.8 | 64.8 ± 8.5 | 63.5 ± 9.2 | 0.19 | 53.1 ± 8.0 | 52.1 ± 7.25 | 52.4 ± 8.36 | 0.22 | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.8 ± 2.9 | 24.0 ± 2.8 | 23.8 ± 3.1 | 0.70 | 22.7 ± 3.3 | 22.7 ± 2.9 | 23.1 ± 3.3 | 0.40 | <0.0001 |
| Visceral fat areaa, cm2 | 127.4 ± 6.6 | 135.3 ± 6.5 | 131.5 ± 7.1 | 0.43 | 87.9 ± 4.9 | 87.1 ± 4.8 | 94.1 ± 5.2 | 0.31 | <0.0001 |
| Thigh muscle CSAa ,cm2 | 134.7 ± 18.1 | 130.6 ± 18.4* | 127.2 ± 16.7** | 0.0005 | 95.5 ± 13.3 | 93.3 ± 12.0 | 93.9 ± 13.8 | 0.065 | <0.0001 |
| Skeletal muscle mass, kg | 18.7 ± 2.8 | 18.1 ± 2.7* | 17.7 ± 2.7** | 0.001 | 12.3 ± 1.9 | 11.9 ± 1.9** | 11.7 ± 2.0** | 0.0005 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 135.8 ± 18.2 | 140.5 ± 18.9* | 142.3 ± 20.3** | 0.002 | 132.3 ± 18.7 | 135.4 ± 19.5 | 134.3 ± 19.9 | 0.077 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 77.8 ± 11.2 | 78.9 ± 11.6 | 78.9 ± 12.2 | 0.52 | 75.5 ± 10.6 | 74.3 ± 10.9 | 75.6 ± 10.8 | 0.25 | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 63.9 ± 10.7 | 64.7 ± 10.8 | 66.3 ± 9.1 | 0.11 | 66.7 ± 9.2 | 67.8 ± 10.0 | 69.3 ± 10.6 | 0.02 | <0.0001 |
| baPWV, cm/s | 1616 ± 300 | 1724 ± 358** | 1795 ± 346** | <0.0001 | 1546 ± 301 | 1600 ± 332* | 1667 ± 331** | 0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 111.4 ± 57.7 | 113.9 ± 66.5 | 119.7 ± 63.4 | 0.49 | 102.1 ± 56.9 | 102.9 ± 53.2 | 109.8 ± 67.3 | 0.36 | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 206.4 ± 31.9 | 202.8 ± 32.7 | 195.9 ± 32.5* | 0.015 | 225.2 ± 35.9 | 223.8 ± 37.3 | 223.8 ± 30.3 | 0.84 | <0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 59.5 ± 15.7 | 60.8 ± 17.0 | 57.4 ± 15.9 | 0.21 | 70.8 ± 17.4 | 69.9 ± 16.6 | 68.1 ± 18.3 | 0.26 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 106.9 ± 17.0 | 109.4 ± 21.0 | 112.2 ± 29.7 | 0.06 | 99.8 ± 15.1 | 101.3 ± 16.0 | 102.9 ± 19.1 | 0.12 | <0.0001 |
| IRI μU/mL | 6.3 ± 5.6 | 6.4 ± 3.9 | 6.5 ± 5.8 | 0.95 | 5.6 ± 3.7 | 5.6 ± 3.7 | 6.2 ± 4.3 | 0.15 | 0.003 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 111 ((36)) | 76 (39) | 45 (42) | 0.48 | 98 (25) | 117 (32) | 42 (38) | 0.11 | <0.0001 |
| Antidyslipidemia drugs, n (%) | 53 (17) | 41 (21) | 33 (31)** | 0.01 | 111 (28) | 113 (31) | 42 (28) | 0.73 | 0.0002 |
| Antidiabetic drugs, n (%) | 22 (7) | 19 (10) | 12 (11) | 0.35 | 19 (5) | 14 (4) | 10 (7) | 0.38 | 0.002 |
| Current/past/never smoker | 48/172/89 | 18/128/47* | 7/67/33* | 0.026 | 5/24/364 | 4/16/348 | 4/9/135 | 0.53 | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol consumption, cups/week | 6.2 ± 9.0 | 5.3 ± 7.0 | 5.6 ± 8.4 | 0.47 | 0.7 ± 2.9 | 0.5 ± 2.4 | 0.5 ± 2.2 | 0.56 | <0.0001 |
| Physical activity | 69/165/65/10 | 43/111/33/6 | 35/42/26/4 | 0.11 | 65/235/84/9 | 84/201/66/17 | 31/84/27/6 | 0.16 | 0.17 |
Values are mean ± SD or number of participants. baPWV, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; CSA, cross‐sectional area; DSWMH, deep subcortical white matter hyperintensity; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; IRI, immunoreactive insulin; PVH, periventricular hyperintensity; TDAS, Touch Panel‐type Dementia Assessment Scale. Physical activity: every day/sometimes/not often/never.
a: n = 1505.
*
P; men vs. women.
*
P < 0.05,
**
P < 0.01 vs. TDAS 15.